清代《尔雅》名物疏释的“知行”理路

The Concept and Methods of Knowledge and Action in the Annotation of Nouns in ErYa in Qing Dynasty

清代《尔雅》名物词的疏释方法多与中国传统的知行观相契合,表现为“知相传递”“以行验知”和“知行合一”三种情形。“知相传递”主要包括经雅互证和参验旧注的方法;“以行验知”体现为目验求证和实地亲察的方法;“知行合一”则是指闻见并证和阙疑待论的方法。这些蕴含在名物疏释中的“知”“行”理路有效推进了雅学名物研究,凸显出清儒治学的科学实证精神,同时为中国传统学术体系的近代科学转向积蓄了内在动力。

In the Qing Dynasty,the specific methods of the explanation nouns were mostly consistent with the traditional Chinese concept of knowledge and action.It is mainly manifested as three situations:"knowledge transmission""action to test knowledge"and"unity of knowledge and action".The methods of"knowledge transmission"include mutual reference between classics and Erya,reference to ancient annotations;the methods of"action to test knowledge"are shown in close inspection and field trips;the methods of"unity of knowledge and action"refer to double evidence of seeing and hearing and keeping questions.The concept of knowledge and action contained in the explanation of nouns effectively promoted the study of nouns in Yaxue,highlighted the scientific demonstration spirit of scholars in the Qing Dynasty,and at the same time accumulated internal power for the modern scientific transformation of the traditional Chinese academic system.