争议海域执法中武力使用之定性研究

Qualitative Study on the Use of Force in Law Enforcement in Disputed Maritime Areas

对武力行为定性历来是争端国之间首要解决的国际法问题。对军事行动中的武力使用与海域执法中的武力使用作出区分后,不能简单地将后者排除在禁止使用武力原则效力范围外,而是需要结合争端国间的争议类型和国际关系来考虑是否援引该原则,进而判断争议海域执法中使用武力行为是否违反国际法基本原则。通过参考法庭对相关案件作出的判决,明晰争议海域内武力使用性质的界定标准,有助于在《联合国海洋法公约》框架内妥善行使此类案件的管辖权。此外,还需将和平解决国际争端原则的义务在争议海域执法过程中具体化,以确认国家使用武力的国际法义务。

The characterization of acts of force has always been the primary issue of international law to be resolved between disputing states.Having been distinguished from the use of force in military operations,that in maritime law enforcement cannot simply be excluded from the scope of effect of the Non-Force Principle.It is necessary to consider whether the principle should be invoked in the light of the type of disputes and international relations between the disputing states,and then judge whether the use of force in the enforcement of the law in the disputed sea area violates the basic principles of international law.By making reference to the judgments of the tribunal in relevant cases,it is helpful to clarify the criteria for defining the nature of the use of force in the disputed maritime areas,so as to facilitate the proper exercise of jurisdiction in such cases within the framework of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.Furthermore,the obligation of the principle of the peaceful settlement of international disputes needs to be concretized in the law enforcement process in the disputed maritime areas in order to recognize the international law obligation of states to use force.