2011—2020年无锡市惠山区学校及托幼机构突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析

Analysis of epidemic characteristics of public health emergencies in schools and kindergartens in Huishan District,Wuxi City from 2011 to 2020

目的 掌握无锡市惠山区学校及托幼机构突发公共卫生事件的流行病学特点,为控制和减少类似事件的发生提供科学依据。方法 从《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》中收集2011—2020年惠山区报告的学校突发公共卫生事件相关数据,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验,报告敏感性与事件控制效果的相关性研究采用Spearman秩相关分析。结果2011—2020年惠山区学校及托幼机构共报告突发公共卫生事件65起,均为传染病事件。以呼吸道传染病事件为主(64.62%),疾病种类以水痘事件最多(63.08%)。小学与幼儿园为事件发生的主要场所,分别占44.62%、35.38%,幼儿园罹患率3.48%,高于其他学校的1.08%(χ^(2)=619.920,P<0.001)。事件发生存在春季和秋冬季高发现象。农村学校罹患率(1.80%)高于城区(1.28%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=38.387,P<0.001)。65起事件报告敏感性中位数(M)为15.22(1.76~63.77)d,事件持续时间M为31.21(3.75~111.29)d,两者呈正相关(r_(s)=0.730,P<0.001)。结论传染病是造成惠山区学校突发公共卫生事件的主因,水痘和手足口病为事件发生的主要病种,不同学校易发生的疫情事件存在差异,早期发现疫情并规范处置,能控制疫情进展,有效终止传播。

Objective To master the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in schools andkindergartens in Huishan District of Wuxi City,so as to provide scientific evidence for controlling and reducing the occur-rence of similar events.MethodsThe relevant data of school public health emergencies reported in Huishan District from 2011 to 2020 were collected from the China disease prevention and control information system,the chi square test was usedto compare the rates,and the Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to study the correlation between reporting sensitivityand event control effect.ResultsTotally 65 public health emergencies of schools and nurseries in Huishan District werereported from 2011 to 2020,all of which were infectious diseases.Respiratory infections are the main infections disease(64.62%).Chickenpox was the most common disease(63.08%).Primary schools and kindergartens were the main places ofthe incidents,accounting for 44.62% and 35.38% respectively,and the incidence rate in kindergartens was 3.48%,higherthan 1.08% in other schools(χ^(2)= 619.920,P < 0.001).There are peak phenomena in spring,autumn and winter.The inci-dence rate in rural schools(1.80%) was higher than that in urban areas(1.28%),and there was a statistical difference be-tween them(χ^(2)= 38.387,P < 0.001).The median(M) of 65 incident reporting sensitivities was 15.22(1.76-63.77) d,and themedian of event duration was 31.21(3.75-111.29) d.The reporting sensitivity was positively correlated with the duration ofevents(r_(s) = 0.730,P < 0.001).ConclusionsInfectious diseases are the main cause of public health emergencies in schoolsand kindergartens in Huishan District.Chickenpox and hand-foot-mouth disease are the main diseases.There are differencesin epidemic events prone to occur among different schools.Early detection and standardized disposal of the epidemic situa-tion can control the progress of the epidemic situation and effectively stop the spread.