细菌来源的细胞外囊泡在病原微生物与宿主细胞相互作用中的研究

The Role of Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles in the Interaction between Pathogenic Microorganisms and Host Cells

细胞外囊泡指所有类型的细胞包括免疫细胞通过不同的生物发生途径释放的具有双层膜结构,包含脂类、蛋白质、糖类、遗传物质的球形纳米级膜结合小泡,其也可以从许多生物液体中分离出来。细胞外囊泡在原核生物和真核生物中都被认为是细胞间通讯的有力载体,可以参与广泛的生物过程。该文从细胞外囊泡、细菌来源的细胞外囊泡、细菌来源的细胞外囊泡与宿主细胞相互作用等方面介绍了细胞外囊泡大小和组成,进一步阐述了细菌来源的细胞外囊泡的特点、功能、发生及其引发的炎症反应和细胞死亡,最后对细菌来源的细胞外囊泡作为疫苗和载体的应用进行了展望。

Extracellular vesicles refer to spherical nano-scale membrane vesicles with a double-layered membrane structure released by all types of cells,including immune cells through different biogenesis pathways,containing lipids,proteins,carbohydrates,genetic material,enzymes and various virulence factors.They can be separated from many biological fluids.Extracellular vesicles are considered to be powerful carriers of intercellular communication in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes,and can participate in a wide range of biological processes.The paper describes the extracellular vesicle size and composition in terms of extracellular vesicles,bacterial-derived extracellular vesicles,and bacterial-derived extracellular vesicle-host cell interactions,further elaboration on the characteristics,functions,and occurrence of extracellular vesicles of bacterial origin and the inflammatory response and cell death they trigger.Finally,the application of bacterial-derived extracellular vesicles as vaccines and carriers has prospected.