近60年宁夏回族自治区旱涝时空特征分析

Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Drought and Flood in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in Recent 60 Years

根据19602016年宁夏回族自治区10个气象观测站的逐月降水资料,用Excel对月降水数据进行处理,选用Z指数作为旱涝等级划分标准,分析宁夏旱涝出现频率,运用空间插值方法研究了宁夏旱涝灾害发生、发展的空间演变特征。结果表明,宁夏近60年以来,正常偏旱为该地区长期演变的主要旱涝特征,年际变化比较明显。从旱涝灾害频次的空间分布上来看,宁夏降水量总体由北向南逐渐递增。旱涝灾害主要分布在宁夏北部,其中,惠农发生旱灾的次数最多,中卫、盐池、西吉发生旱灾的频次最小。干旱是宁夏主要的旱涝灾害,大部分地区发生洪涝灾害的次数要小于干旱灾害。

According to the monthly precipitation data of 10 meteorological stations in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 1960 to 2016,the study processes the data of monthly precipitation through Excel;takes Z index as the drought and flood classification criterion;analyzes the drought and flood frequency in Ningxia;and researches the occurrence of drought and flood disasters,and spatial evolution characteristics through interpolation method.The results show that partial drought is the main drought and flood characteristic of the long-term evolution in this area,with significant interannual variation.Precipitation gradually increases from north part to the south part in Ningxia from the spatial distribution of drought and flood disasters frequency.Drought and flood disasters mainly distribute in the north part of Xingxia,the largest disaster number occurs in Huinong,and the smallest disaster number occurs in Zhongwei,Yanchi and Xiji.Drought is the main disaster in Ningxia,and the number of flood is smaller than drought in most areas.