论教育法典的编纂:必要性、可行性与编纂进路

On Codification of the Educational Code:Necessity,feasibility and Codification of Approaches

《民法典》的成功编纂标志着我国正式进入法典化时代。从国家教育治理现代化的实现路径、教育法法典化的任务内容和现有法律规范体系来看,教育法典的编纂具有现实必要性。经过近四十年发展而来的丰富教育法学理论、相对完备的教育法律法规体系、域外教育法典编纂的实践经验和我国民法典等部门法典编纂的实践经验,均为我国教育法典的编纂提供理论经验供给和实践经验供给,保证教育法典编纂的可行性。在教育法典的编纂过程中,我国应当通过制度的安排、条文的设计等凸显教育法典的时代特征。从教育法典的编纂进路来看,我国教育法典的编纂应采用“两步走”的编纂进路,并运用“提取公因式”的立法思维建立起“总则+分则”的体例结构。教育法典的内容设计,应当分为总则内容设计和分则内容设计。法典编纂者应通过立法目的的明确、基本原则的确立和基本范畴的划定来设计教育法典总则的内容,通过吸收现有教育法律法规内容和理清教育法律法规内在逻辑的路径来设计教育法典分则的内容。

The successful compilation of the Civil Code indicates that China has officially entered the era of codification.Judging from the realization path of the modernization of national education governance,the content of the task of codifying the education law,and the existing legal normative system,the codification of the Education Code is realistically necessary.The rich educational legal theories,relatively complete education laws and regulations system,the practical experience of the codification of the foreign Education Code and the practical experience of the codification of the civil code and other departments of China have been developed in the past 40 years,all of which provide theoretical and practical experience for the compilation of China's Education Code,and ensure the feasibility of the compilation of the Education Code.In the compiling process,China should highlight the characteristics of the times of the Education Code through institutional arrangements and the design of articles.From the perspective of the codification of the Education Code,the compilation of China's Education Code should adopt the"two-step"codification approach,and use the legislative thinking of"extracting common causes"to establish a"general principle+sub-rule"structure.The content design of the Education Code shall be divided into general content design and sub-rule content design.Coddlers should design the content of the general provisions of the Education Code through the clarity of legislative purposes,the establishment of basic principles and the delineation of basic categories,and the content of the sub-provisions of the Education Code by absorbing the content of existing education laws and regulations and clarifying the internal logic of education laws and regulations.