陕西人学习普通话应注意的几个问题

Some Problems that Shaanxi People Should Pay Attention to in Learning Putonghua

从声调、声母、韵母、声韵拼合四个方面讨论陕西人学习普通话的主要问题。因为古入声字在陕西方言里声调的分派规律跟普通话不尽一致,加之普通话对古入声字韵母跟陕西方言的读法不尽一致,所以,陕西人学习普通话时对于古入声字要注意多下功夫。陕北及关中方言把普通话读作zh、ch、sh声母的大约一半字读作z、c、s声母,宝鸡一带以及陕南宁强等处把古泥母洪音字读作l声母,关中许多方言点以及陕南洋县等处保留了尖音。普通话前后鼻韵母en、en2组在陕北及宝鸡一带合并为en组韵母。普通话zh、ch、sh、r声母拼合口呼的字在关中方言区的读法很复杂,如三原、彬州、长武、岐山、渭南等处读作舌尖前声母拼以为韵母或介音的音节,西安等处读作唇齿音声母拼洪音,宝鸡等处读作zh、ch、sh、r声母拼洪音。在讨论陕西人学习普通话的有关问题时,主要采用声旁类推法。

The main problems of Shaanxi people learning Mandarin are discussed from four aspects:tone,initial consonant,final consonant,and combination of sound and rhyme.Because the distribution of tones of ancient characters in Shaanxi dialect is not consistent with that of Putonghua,and the pronunciation of the finals of ancient characters in Mandarin is not consistent with that of Shaanxi dialect,Shaanxi people should pay attention to the ancient characters when learning Mandarin.About half of the characters that are pronounced as zh,ch,sh initials in Mandarin are read as z,c,s initials in northern Shaanxi and Guanzhong dialects.In the Baoji area and in Ningqiang in southern Shaanxi,the ancient Nimu Hongyin word is read as the initial consonant of l,and many dialect points in Guanzhong and Yangxian in southern Shaanxi retain the sharp sound.The two groups of front and rear nasal finals en、en2 in Mandarin are merged into the en group of finals in northern Shaanxi and Baoji.The pronunciation of Chinese characters with zh,ch,sh,r initials combined and spoken in Mandarin is very complicated in the Guanzhong dialect area.For example,in Sanyuan,Binzhou,Changwu,Qishan,Weinan,etc.,it is read as a syllable with as a final or a medium,and in Xi'an,it is read as a labiodental initial and Hongyin,and in Baoji,it is read as"zh",ch,sh,r"initial consonant plus Hongyin.When discussing the relevant issues of Shaanxi people learning Putonghua,the analogy is mainly used.