从古今医学观论昼寝与身心健康

Siesta and Physical and Mental Health from Ancient and Modern Medical Views

昼寝,最早出自于《论语》的“宰予昼寝”,谓当昼而寐,即意为日间小憩。中医学非常肯定睡眠的作用,昼寝的传统中医理论包括阴阳睡眠学说、营卫睡眠学说和神主睡眠学说。结合目前的研究证据从心理和生理两方面概述了昼寝对人体健康的影响。昼寝在心理层面能改善主观的困倦和疲劳程度,还能改善认知能力和记忆能力,提高注意力、警觉性。在生理层面,昼寝与否及昼寝时长与一些心脑血管疾病、内分泌疾病、呼吸系统疾病患病风险密切相关。研究发现昼寝对人体健康的影响存在两面性,应根据身体状态、作息习惯等因人制宜。

Zhou Qin, which means siesta in Chinese, originally comes from "Zaiyu Zhou Qin", an allusion in Analects of Confucius in which one of the disciples Zaiyu takes nap by day. Traditional Chinese Medicine worships the function of sleep. Traditional Chinese Medicine theories about siesta is comprised of Yin-Yang sleep theory, Ying-Wei sleep theory and god-controlled sleep theory. In the context of current research, this paper summarizes the effects of siesta on human health in terms of both psychological and physiological aspects. At the psychological level, siesta can ease subjective drowsiness and fatigue, and it can improve cognition, memory, concentration, and alertness. At the physiological level, siesta and its length are closely related to some cardiovascular diseases, endocrine diseases and respiratory diseases. Researches have shown that siesta is a double-edged sword for human health. Therefore, people should choose whether to have siesta or not according to their own physical health, routine and living habit, etc.