食品安全治理中的主体行为及行为变化机理

Subject Behavior and Behavior Change Mechanism in Food Safety Management

食品安全涉及众多环节和多元利益主体,每一环节中各主体在利益需求驱动下的行为变化都可能产生安全风险而影响食品安全治理。政府、企业、消费者、媒体都是食品安全治理的相关利益主体,其在利益追求和外在诱因影响下,因不同的动机需求而表现出不同行为方式。不同环境下,不同利益主体既可能存在利益共谋,也可能存在利益冲突,行为动机较为复杂。从内在机理看,食品安全治理中主体行为变化是多元主体以内在利益和价值观需求为基础而在外界情境因素影响下对合作或冲突行为所作的理性选择,也就是不同利益主体基于不同价值追求、利益需求、角色身份,并因应所在场域的变化,而对自身行为作出的应激性调整。

Food safety involves many links and multiple interest subjects.In each link,the behavior changes of each subject driven by interest demand may produce safety risks and affect food safety governance.The government,enterprises,consumers and the media are the relevant stakeholders of food safety governance.Under the influence of interest pursuit and external incentives,they show different behavior patterns due to different motivations and demands.Under different circumstances,different interest subjects may have both interest collusion and interest conflict,and their motives are more complex.From the perspective of internal mechanism,the change of subject behavior in food safety governance is a rational choice made by multiple subjects on the basis of interests and values and under the influence of external situational factors for cooperation or conflict behavior,that is,different interest subjects make stress adjustment to their own behavior based on different value pursuit,interest demand and role identity,and in response to changes in its field.