基于全生命周期评价的中国制氢路线能效、碳排放及经济性研究

Research on Energy Efficiency, Carbon Emission and Economy of Hydrogen Production Routes in China Based on Life Cycle Assessment Method

氢能作为一种清洁的二次能源,发展氢能目的在于推动能源结构的低碳转型。目前基于中国本土数据的制氢路线生命周期评估工作比较少,对“原料→制氢→氢气”链缺乏多指标体系评价与对比分析。本文运用全生命周期方法核算并评价了煤气化制氢、天然气重整制氢、丙烷脱氢副产氢、风电制氢和光伏制氢的能耗、能量转换效率、碳排放和成本。研究表明,如不将可再生能源视为能源投入,可再生能源(风、光)发电制氢能耗、碳排放最低,丙烷脱氢副产氢的能耗、碳排放次之,煤气化制氢和天然气重整制氢的能耗、碳排放最高。原料价格和当地电价是丙烷脱氢、煤气化制氢、天然气重整制氢成本的主要影响因素,而风电制氢、光伏制氢的成本受可再生能源电价的影响,成本仍处于高位,未来随着可再生资源的开发及技术突破,可再生能源电力制氢将成为我国大规模制氢的重要路线。

Hydrogen energy, as a clean secondary energy, is to promote the low-carbon transformation of the energy structure. At present, there are few hydrogen production route life cycle assessments based on local data in China, and there is a lack of multi-indicator system evaluation and comparative analysis of the “feedstock-hydrogen production-hydrogen”chain. This paper calculates and evaluates the energy consumption, energy conversion efficiency, carbon emission and cost of hydrogen production from coal gasification,hydrogen production from natural gas reforming,byproduct hydrogen production from propane dehydrogenation, wind power and photovoltaic by life cycle method. If renewable energy is not considered an energy input, the research shows that the energy consumption and carbon emission of hydrogen generation from renewable energy(wind and solar) are the lowest. The energy consumption and carbon emission of hydrogen byproduct from propane dehydrogenation are the second, hydrogen production from coal gasification and natural gas reforming have the highest energy consumption and carbon emissions. Raw material prices and the local electricity price are the main influence factors of propane dehydrogenation, and hydrogen production from coal gasification and natural gas reforming. The cost of hydrogen production from wind, solar hydrogen production are affected by renewable energy electricity price, which cost remains high at present. In the future, with the development of renewable resources and technological breakthroughs, hydrogen production from renewable power will become the important route of large-scale hydrogen production in China.