我国支持企业创新的省域政策量化分析

Quantitative Analysis of Provincial Policies Supporting Enterprise Innovation in China

目前鲜有针对我国地方政府层面的企业创新支持政策研究,为从整体把握我国企业创新支持政策的现状特征,以2011—2020年31个省份出台的115份企业创新支持政策为研究对象,采用社会网络分析、空间自相关分析、内容分析等方法进行量化分析。结果表明:31个省份的企业创新支持政策数量呈波动下降趋势且省际差异显著,部分省份围绕地方特色、发展需求积极进行政策创新;针对所有企业的普适型政策和针对特定企业(科技型企业或高新技术企业)的专一型政策在数量上旗鼓相当;四大类主题的政策中,任务类政策在数量上具有绝对优势,其次是引领类政策和环境类政策,要素类政策数量最少;各地区政策存在空间相关性,空间集聚主要体现为普适型政策和引导类政策;政策措施重点领域包括扶持政策、研发机构与研发平台、企业人才队伍、创新型企业培育、技术创新服务机制和企业技术改造等,但各地区既具有共性又各有侧重。

There is little research on enterprise innovation support policies at the local government level in China so far. In order to understand the status quo of enterprise innovation support policies as a whole, this paper takes 115 provincial enterprise innovation support policies issued by 31 provinces from 2011 to 2020 as the research object, and uses social network analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis, content analysis and other methods to perform quantitative analysis. The research results show that: the number of provincial enterprise innovation support policies show a fluctuating downward trend, there are significant inter-provincial differences, and some provinces actively carry out policy innovation around local characteristics and development needs;the number of general policies for all enterprises is roughly the same as that of policies for specific enterprises, which are mainly aimed at technology-based enterprises or high-tech enterprises;the themes of enterprise innovation policies are divided into four categories by title, among which task-type policies have an absolute dominant position in quantity, followed by leading-type policies and environmental-type policies, and factor-type policies have the least number;the policies in various regions are spatially related, and spatial agglomeration is mainly reflected in universal policies and guidance policies;policy measures are mainly focused on supporting policies, R&D institutions and R&D platforms, enterprise talent teams, innovative enterprise cultivation, technological innovation service mechanisms, and enterprise technological transformation, but local policy measures has its commonness and difference.