全真道南宗在山东的发现——关于薛祖师宗派的几处石刻及初步探讨

Discovery of Southern Sect of Quanzhen Daoism in Shandong:On the Stone Carvings of Sect of Master Xue and Preliminary Discussion

全真道有南宗和北宗的分派,北宗在南方广为传播,但在北方一直没有发现南宗的踪迹,不过近年来在山东发现的几处石刻可能会改变这一状况。这几处石刻散布在山东的三个地方,在每个地方的石刻中都发现有一首道教宗派的派字诗,文字虽有差异但是大体相同,由此可以断定在这些地方曾经存在同一个道教宗派,这就是来自全真道南宗的“薛祖师宗派”。这些石刻出现于明朝的嘉靖和万历年间,是这一时期全真道复兴的历史反映。从石刻的内容来看,“薛祖师宗派”认同自己的全真身份,也得到了当地的全真道北宗尤其是自认为全真道正统的“七真宗派”的认可。“薛祖师宗派”的发现,对全真道研究尤其是对全真道南北宗之间关系的研究具有重要意义。

Quanzhen Daoism is divided into Southern Sect and Northern Sect.Northern Sect is widely spread in the south,but no trace of Southern Sect has been found in the north.However,several stone carvings discovered in Shandong in recent years may change this situation.These stone carvings are scattered in three places,but in the stone carvings in each place,a verse of generations of a Taoist sect is found,and although different in characters from each other,they are generally the same.From this,it can be concluded that the same one Taoist sect once existed in these places,although the names used in different places are different.This is Sect of Master Xue which comes from Southern Sect of Quanzhen Daoism.These stone carvings appeared in the Jiajing and Wanli years of the Ming Dynasty,and are reflections of the revival of Quanzhen Daoism during this period.Judging from the content of the stone carvings,the Sect of Master Xue recognizes its Quanzhen identity,and has also been recognized by local Northern Sect of Quanzhen Daoism,especially by Sects of Seven Masters that consider themselves as the orthodox.The discovery of Sect of Master Xue is of great significance to the study of Quanzhen Daoism,especially of the relationship between the Northern Sect and Southern sect of Quanzhen Daoism.