滑坡堰塞湖溃决风险与过程研究进展

A state of the art review on the failure risk and process of the landslide-induced dammed lake

滑坡堰塞湖是山区常见的一种自然灾害,对其溃决风险与过程的科学认知和合理评估是应急处置的关键。外荷载作用下滑坡堰塞体的力学响应、滑坡堰塞湖渐进破坏机理与溃决洪水预测理论是滑坡堰塞湖风险评估研究领域的关键科学问题。本文围绕滑坡堰塞湖形成后的溃决风险与过程展开综述,从定性和定量的角度分别对堰塞湖危险性评价方法进行分析总结,从小尺度、大尺度和超重力场试验技术的角度总结了堰塞湖的溃决机理、溃决过程及其影响因素,从数学方法的角度对堰塞湖溃决洪水预测中经验公式法、简化和精细化数值模拟方法的进展进行总结评价。然而,国内外关于滑坡堰塞湖风险评估领域的研究仍处于起步阶段,空-天-地一体化监测技术、堰塞湖危险性评价中的不确定性问题、堰塞体材料冲蚀特性与溃决机理、堰塞湖溃决洪水精细化模拟等将是未来的重点研究方向。本综述可为堰塞湖防灾减灾和流域水工程风险管理提供有价值的参考。

A dammed lake caused by a landslide is a common natural disaster in mountainous areas.The emergency response depends on scientific knowledge and a realistic evaluation of the failure risk and procedures.The mechanical behavior of landslide dams under external loads,the progressive failure mechanism of the dammed lake,and the prediction theory of outburst flood are critical scientific issues in the risk assessment of dammed lakes.This study investigates the failure risk and process after the formation of the dammed lake and analyses the hazard assessment methods for the dammed lake from qualitative and quantitative perspectives.The breach mechanism and process and influencing factors of the dammed lake are also described in terms of small-scale,large-scale,and supergravity field test technologies.In addition,the progress of empirical formula approaches and simple and thorough numerical simulation techniques in predicting dammed lake outburst floods is presented and evaluated from the viewpoint of mathematical methods.However,the research on risk assessment of landslide-induced dammed lakes is still in the initial stage worldwide.Future research directions will include integrated monitoring technologies of space-air-ground,uncertain problems in hazard evaluation of dammed lakes,erosion characteristics of landslide debris and breach mechanisms of landslide dams,and elaborate simulation of breach flood of dammed lakes.The review can be a valuable resource for disaster prevention and mitigation of dammed lakes and the risk management of water engineering facilities located within the related catchment.