2014—2020年绵阳市食品中食源性致病菌监测结果分析

Analysis on monitoring results of foodborne pathogens in food in Mianyang from 2014 to 2020

目的 了解2014—2020年绵阳市食品中食源性致病菌污染状况,寻找可能引起食源性疾病的高危食品,为控制和减少食源性疾病提供依据。方法 2014—2020年绵阳市各县(市、区)根据当地人口比例及食物消费量,采取分层随机抽样原则采集食品样品1 625份,按照国家标准方法和全国食源性疾病监测工作手册对20项食源性致病菌进行分离与鉴定。结果 2014—2020年绵阳市共抽检食品样品1 625份,158份样品检出致病菌193株,样品不合格率为9.72%,致病菌检出率为11.88%(193/1 625),其中蜡样芽孢杆菌59株、肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae, EB)38株、单核细胞增生李斯特菌21株、克罗诺杆菌属21株。不同年份食品样品不合格率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=83.82,P<0.05),不同采样环节样品中致病菌检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=51.61,P<0.05),不同区县样品中致病菌检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=47.98,P<0.05),不同包装类型样品不合格率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.50,P<0.01)。对生禽肉中检出的11株沙门菌进行血清学分型,优势型分别为鼠伤寒沙门菌、德尔卑沙门菌和肯塔基沙门菌。结论 2014—2020年绵阳市婴幼儿谷类辅助食品和冲调谷物制品中致病菌检出率较高,其中蜡样芽孢杆菌、肠杆菌科和单核细胞增生李斯特菌的污染较为严重,应引起重视。

Objective To learn the contamination status of foodborne pathogens in food in Mianyang from 2014 to 2020,find the high-risk food, and provide the scientific basis for effective prevention of the foodborne diseases.Methods Totally 1 625 samples were collected by stratified random sampling from 2014 to 2020 according to the proportion of local population and food consumption in counties(cities, districts) of Mianyang.Twenty categories of foodborne pathogens were separated and identified pursuant to the method of national standard and the foodborne pathogens detection manual.Results Totally 1 625 various samples were determined, 193 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected in 158 samples from 2014 to 2020.The unqualified rate of samples was 9.72%, and the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria was 11.88%(193/1 625).There were 59 strains of Bacillus cereus,38 strains of Enterobacteriaceae(EB),21 strains of Listeria monocytogenes and 21 strains of Cronobacter.The difference in the unqualified rate of samples in different years was statistically significant(χ^(2)=83.82,P<0.05),the difference in the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria out of samples in different sampling links was statistically significant(χ^(2)=51.61,P<0.05),the difference in the detection rate of samples from different districts and counties was statistically significant(χ^(2)=47.98,P<0.05),and the difference in the unqualified rate of samples with different packaging types was statistically significant(χ^(2)=10.50,P<0.01).Eleven strains of Salmonella isolated from raw poultry were serotyped, and dominant types were Salmonella typhimurium,Salmonella delby and Salmonella kentucky,respectively.Conclusion The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria from infant cereals and reconstituted cereals in Mianyang is relatively high from 2014 to 2020,the contamination of Bacillus cereus,Enterobacteriaceae(EB) and Listeria monocytogenes are relatively serious, and the attention should be drawn.