迈向高质量:中国特色学徒制的发展愿景与推进路径

Towards High Quality:The Developing Vision and Path of Apprenticeship with Chinese Characteristics

新《职业教育法》明确规定“国家推行中国特色学徒制”,标志着中国特色学徒制成为我国实施职业教育的基本模式以及现代职业教育体系建设的长期任务。中国特色学徒制应以高质量办学为发展愿景。高质量办学既是中国特色学徒制改革探索的初衷,又是中国特色学徒制持续发展的基石,“中国特色”内生于追求高质量办学的实践探索中。中国特色学徒制高质量办学包含有形性、有效性和持续性三层含义,即基于工作场所学习的校企双元育人、基于学徒技能养成的多方主体共赢以及适时适需的制度变革与模式创新。推进中国特色学徒制高质量办学关键在于制度建设,需明确“中国特色学徒制”的功能定位与专属概念,整合形成基于标准规范的中国特色学徒制体系,构建以经费制度为核心的多元主体利益平衡机制,建立整体性治理框架和一站式服务平台。

The new “Vocational Education Law” stipulates that “the state implements Apprenticeship with Chinese Characteristics”,which symbolizes that Apprenticeship with Chinese Characteristics has become the basic model of vocational education delivery and the long-term task of modern vocational education system building in China.Apprenticeship with Chinese Characteristics should take high-quality as its developing vision.High-quality is not only the original intention of Apprenticeship with Chinese Characteristics,but also the cornerstone of its sustainable development.“Chinese characteristics”are inherent in the process of pursuing high-quality apprenticeship.The meaning of high-quality Apprenticeship with Chinese Characteristics includes three dimensions of tangibles,effectiveness and sustainability,i.e.,the cooperative education of school and enterprise based on workplace learning,the win-win situation of multiple stakeholders based on the skill formation of apprentices,and the timely and appropriate institutional reform and practice innovation.The key to promoting high-quality Apprenticeship with Chinese Characteristics lies in institutional reconstruction.It is necessary to clarify the functional orientation and exclusive concept of“Apprenticeship with Chinese Characteristics”,form Apprenticeship with Chinese Characteristics based on standards and norms,establish an equilibrant mechanism between multi-stakeholders based on funding system,and develop an holistic governance framework and the one-stop service platform.