对研究生教育收益率学科和性别差异的实证研究——基于科技工作者的调查数据

An Empirical Study on the Rate of Return of Postgraduate Education:Discipline and Gender Perspectives

目前国内关于研究生教育收益率的实证研究并不多,而比较不同学科的研究生教育收益率的文献更是缺乏。本文利用一项针对北京市科技工作者的大样本调查数据,采用明瑟收入方程的OLS回归和利用倾向分数匹配(PSM)控制样本自选择对不同学科的研究生教育收益率进行估算,并进行分学历和分性别的比较。实证结果显示:(1)在控制了学科和性别后,每增加一年研究生教育,能给学习者显著提高4.9%的收入。控制自选择偏差后,研究生教育整体能为个体多带来24.6%左右的收益。(2)理学和工学的研究生教育收益率都是显著为正。(3)经济学的研究生教育收益率很高,但这有可能是样本自选择偏差的结果,无论如何这表明在研究生教育层次有“逃离工科”的现象,值得高度警惕。(4)除了个别学科外,硕士的教育收益率均高于博士的教育收益率。(5)女性研究生教育收益率显著低于男性研究生教育收益率。

At present,there are not sufficient empirical studies on the rate of return on Graduate Education in China,and the literature comparing the rate of return on Graduate Education in different disciplines isrelatively lacking.Based on a large sample survey data of Beijing scientists and technicians,this paper uses Mincer income equation with OLSand PSM to estimate the rate of return on Graduate Education in different disciplines,and makes a comparison between different levels of education and gender.The empirical results show that:(1)Postgraduate education can bring considerable returns to learners.After controlling subjects and gender,every additional year of postgraduate education can significantly increase learners’ income by 4.9%.After using PSM to control self-selection bias,graduate education can bring more benefits of 24.6% to individuals.(2)Regardless of whether it is a master or a doctor,the educational returns of science and engineering are significantly positive,while humanities and social sciences cannot significantly improve individual income,on the contrary,theyeven have a negative effect on income.(3) The return of graduate education in economics is very high,but this may be the result of sample self-selection bias.In any case,this indicates that there is a phenomenon of“escape from engineering”at the level of graduate educationfor the group of scientists and technicians,which deserves our vigilance.(4)Except for individual disciplines,the return on education of master’s degree is higher than that of doctor’s degree.(5)Regardless of discipline control or not,the return rate of female graduate education is significantly lower than that of male graduate education.