摘要
氮肥配施硝化抑制剂是提高氮肥利用率、减少活性氮损失和降低环境代价风险的有效措施。为探讨不同硝化抑制剂类型和剂量对不同类型土壤硝化作用的机理,采用室内土壤培养试验,对3种硝化抑制剂[双氰胺(DCD)、3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)和2-氯-6-(三氯甲基)吡啶(NP)]设置不同剂量,研究其对我国不同区域典型土壤(红壤、水稻土、潮土)硝化过程无机氮含量、土壤pH值及土壤表观硝化率变化特征的影响。结果表明,与单施硫酸铵处理相比,3种硝化抑制剂均能抑制水稻土和潮土中铵态氮向硝态氮的转化,且对潮土铵态氮向硝态氮转化抑制效果优于水稻土,而对红壤硝化作用的抑制效果均不明显,3种土壤pH值差异是影响硝化抑制剂作用效果的主因。此外,DCD和NP随着用量的增加,对水稻土和潮土的硝化抑制效果越明显,而DMPP对2种土壤硝化抑制作用无明显的剂量效应。在水稻土中,NP的抑制效果强于DMPP和DCD;在潮土中,DCD的抑制效果优于NP和DMPP,这可能是由于不同硝化抑制剂类型硝化抑制机理性的差异以及其自身特性的差异导致的。综上,针对特定土壤类型筛选适宜的硝化抑制剂类型和用量对农业优化氮肥管理、提高氮肥利用率尤为重要。
Combined application of nitrogen fertilizers with nitrification inhibitors is an effective measure to increase the nitrogen efficiency,reduce the reactive nitrogen loss and decrease the risk of environmental costs.To explore the mechanism of nitrification of different types and dosages of nitrification inhibitor in different soils,laboratory incubation experiments were used to set different dosages of three nitrification inhibitor types[dicyandiamide(DCD),3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate(DMPP)and 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine(NP)]to study their effects on inorganic nitrogen content,soil pH and soil apparent nitrification rate of soils(red soil,paddy soil,fluvo-aquic soil)in different regions of China.The results showed that compared with ammonium sulfate treatment,the three kinds of nitrification inhibitors could inhibit the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in both paddy soil and fluvo-aquic soil,and the inhibitory effect on the nitrification process in fluvo-aquic soil was better than that in paddy soil.The three kinds of nitrification inhibitors had no obvious inhibitory effect on the nitrification of red soil,and the difference in soil pH was the main reason that affected the effect of nitrification inhibitor.In addition,as the dosage of DCD and NP increased,the inhibitory effect of nitrification in paddy soil and fluvo-aquic soil became more obvious,while DMPP had no obvious dosage effect on the inhibition of nitrification in the two kinds of soils.In paddy soil,the inhibitory effect of NP was stronger than that of DMPP and DCD;in the fluvo-aquic soil,the inhibitory effect of DCD was better than that of NP and DMPP,which was caused by the differences in their inhibitory mechanism and characteristics of different nitrification inhibitors.In summary,it was particularly important to select suitable nitrification inhibitor types and dosages for specific soil types for optimizing nitrogen fertilizer management and improving nitrogen use efficiency in agriculture.
作者
刘发波
郎明
马笑
程泰鸿
张芬
郭广正
陈新平
王孝忠
LIU Fa-bo;LANG Ming;MA Xiao;CHENG Tai-hong;ZHANG Fen;GUO Guang-zheng;CHEN Xin-ping;WANG Xiao-zhong(College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716;Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716;Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第8期66-75,共10页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
三峡库区多尺度多介质污染物与水体环境互馈机制及防控机理研究(U20A2047)
西南大学博士启动基金项目(SWU118077)。
关键词
红壤
水稻土
潮土
硝化抑制剂
表观硝化率
red soil
paddy soil
fluvo-aquic soil
nitrification inhibitor
apparent nitrification rate