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硫包膜缓释肥运筹方式对强筋小麦氮素积累转运、产量和品质的影响 被引量:10

Effect of sulfur coated slow-released fertilizer managements on nitrogen accumulation and translocation,yield and quality of strong gluten wheat
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摘要 为探究缓释肥对强筋小麦产量和品质的调控效应及机制,明确缓释肥在强筋小麦上的科学合理施用技术,以强筋小麦品种农麦88为试验材料,以硫包膜缓释肥(SCU,N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O=26-12-12)和尿素(U,N 46.3%)为供试氮肥,设计6个施肥模式:尿素4次分施对照(CK);100%N-SCU基施(M1);60%N-SCU基施+40%N-U拔节期追施(M2);60%N-SCU基施+40%N-SCU返青期追施(M3);M2模式减氮15%(M4);M3模式减氮15%(M5)。分析不同施肥模式下强筋小麦氮素积累转运、氮效率、产量和品质指标的差异。结果表明,和CK相比,M3模式花后氮素转运量和转运率呈下降趋势,但差异未达显著水平,花后氮素积累及其对籽粒的贡献率显著提高,促使成熟期地上部和籽粒氮素积累量显著增加,氮肥表观利用率和农学利用率分别提升8.56%和10.72%;氮素的合理供应协调穗数和千粒重共同提升,产量增幅达7.01%。CK和M3模式的籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、面团形成时间、稳定时间和最大拉伸阻力等品质指标差异未达显著水平,但较M1模式均显著提升。和M3模式相比,M1模式显著降低了籽粒氮素积累量、氮肥表观利用率和籽粒产量,且不利于强筋小麦的品质形成。M5模式在减氮15%条件下氮肥表观利用率较CK显著提高,同时增产2.44%;蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、面团形成时间、稳定时间等品质指标较CK显著下降,但与M1模式相比表现出一定优势。本试验条件下,硫包膜缓释肥不同施用方式对小麦的氮素吸收利用、产量和品质有显著的调控效应,其中硫包膜缓释肥60%N基施+40%N返青期追施的模式,最有利于强筋小麦产量、氮效率和品质的协同提升,且有较好的减氮增效潜力,是高产高效优质的施肥模式。 In order to clarify the regulation effect and mechanism of slow-released fertilizer on the yield and quality of strong gluten wheat,and to explore the scientific and reasonable application technology of slow-released fertilizer on strong gluten wheat.Taking strong gluten wheat variety“Nongmai 88”as material,using sulfur coated slow-release fertilizer(SCU,N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O=26-12-12)and urea(U,N 46.3%)as nitrogen fertilizers,six fertilization patterns were designed:U applied at four stages as the control(CK);100%N-SCU applied before sowing(M1);60%N-SCU applied before sowing,40%N-U applied at jointing stage(M2);60%N-SCU applied before sowing,40%N-SCU applied at re-greening stage(M3);15%total nitrogen reduction based on M2(M4);15%total nitrogen reduction based on M3(M5).The differences of nitrogen accumulation and translocation,nitrogen efficiency,yield and quality of strong gluten wheat under different fertilization patterns were analyzed.The results showed that,compared with CK,post-anthesis nitrogen remobilization amount and nitrogen remobilization rate of M3 showed a decreasing trend,but the difference was not significant.The post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation and its contribution to grain were significantly increased in M3 compared with those in CK,which contributed to the significant increase in shoot and grain nitrogen accumulation amount at maturity stage,and increased nitrogen apparent utilization rate and agronomic efficiency by 8.56%and 10.72%,respectively.The rational nitrogen supply in M3 promoted the increase of spikes and 1000-grain weight,and the yield increased by 7.01%compared with CK.The grain protein content,wet gluten content,dough formation time,stabilization time and maximum tensile resistance in CK and M3 showed no significant difference,but were significantly increased compared with those in M1.Compared with M3,M1 significantly decreased grain nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen apparent utilization rate and grain yield,and was not conducive to the quality formation of strong gluten wheat.Under the condition of 15%nitrogen reduction,M5 significantly improved nitrogen apparent utilization rate and increased grain yield by 2.44%compared with CK.M5 significantly decreased the grain protein content,wet gluten content,dough formation time and stability time compared with CK,but showed certain advantages in quality indexes compared with M1.In this study,different application patterns of sulfur coated slow-released fertilizer have strong regulatory effects on nitrogen uptake and utilization,yield and quality of wheat.The pattern of 60%N-SCU applied before sowing with 40%N-SCU applied at re-greening stage promoted the synergistic increase in grain yield,nitrogen efficiency and quality of strong gluten wheat,and showed potential of reducing nitrogen with efficiency increasing,which is a high-yield,high-efficiency and good-quality fertilization method.
作者 马泉 蒋文月 张新钵 李福建 李天兵 李春燕 丁锦峰 朱敏 郭文善 朱新开 MA Quan;JIANG Wen-yue;ZHANG Xin-bo;LI Fu-jian;LI Tian-bing;LI Chun-yan;DING Jin-feng;ZHU Min;GUO Wen-shan;ZHU Xin-kai(Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Wheat Research Center,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009;Hanfeng Slow-release fertilizer(Jiangsu)Co.Ltd.,Jiangyan Jiangsu 225510;Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety,the Ministry of Education of China,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009)
出处 《中国土壤与肥料》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2022年第8期148-157,共10页 Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金 国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200500) 江苏省现代农业(小麦)产业技术体系(JATS[2022]502) 江苏高校优势学科建设工程 江苏省和扬州大学优秀科技创新团队 扬州大学研究生科研创新计划项目(XKYCX20_020)。
关键词 硫包膜缓释肥 强筋小麦 氮素积累转运 产量 品质 sulfur coated slow-released fertilizer strong gluten wheat nitrogen accumulation and translocation grain yield quality
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