蚯蚓粪有机肥袋料栽培对番茄生长、产量和品质的影响

Effect of vermicompost organic fertilizer bagged cultivation on tomato growth,yield and quality

陕北设施大棚普遍存在土壤肥力差、有机质含量低、过量施用化肥等问题。为加快该区设施大棚农业发展、提高水土资源利用率、增加农民收入,利用蚯蚓粪有机肥袋料栽培和传统土壤栽培2种模式,选用适宜当地种植的“金棚秋盛”番茄品种,采用水肥一体化滴灌灌溉方式,研究了蚯蚓粪有机肥对番茄生长、产量和品质的影响。研究结果表明:与传统土壤栽培相比,蚯蚓粪有机肥袋料栽培显著促进了番茄植株的生长,提高株高5.2%,增加茎粗29.1%,提高坐果率15.4%,且能增加产量22.0%,并提高产值113.4%。番茄氨基酸、总糖、维生素C含量和糖酸比以及果型和果色等外观品质均高于传统土壤栽培模式。研究结果表明,蚯蚓粪有机肥袋料栽培能有效提高番茄产量、改善果实品质和提高农户收入,是适宜在陕北大棚推广的有效栽培模式。

Problems such as poor soil fertility,low organic matter content and excessive application of chemical fertilizer are common in facility greenhouses in northern Shaanxi.In order to speed up the development of greenhouse agriculture,improve the utilization rate of water and soil resources,and increase farmers’income,the effect of vermicompost organic fertilizer on tomato growth,yield and quality were studied.The two cultivation models of vermicompost organic fertilizer bagged cultivation and traditional soil cultivation were set up.The tomato“Jinpengqiusheng”suitable for local was used,and drip irrigation with integrated water and fertilizer was adopted.The results showed that compared with traditional soil cultivation,vermicompost organic fertilizer treatment promoted significantly the growth of tomato plants,which increased plant height by 5.2%,stem diameter by 29.1%,and fruit setting rate by 15.4%.And it increased the yield by 22.0%and output value by 113.4%.The contents of amino acid,total sugar,vitamin C,sugar acid ratio,fruit shape and color of tomato were higher than those of traditional soil cultivation model.The results of the experiment showed that vermicompost organic fertilizer bagged cultivation could effectively improve tomato yield,fruit quality and farmers’income,and it was an effective cultivation model suitable for promotion in greenhouse in northern Shaanxi.