基于地理信息系统的银川市二级以上医院空间可达性分析

Spatial Accessibility Analysis of Secondary and above Medical Institutions in Yinchuan Based on GIS

目的:对银川市二级以上医院布局及居民就医空间可达性进行分析研究,为相关部门改进资源合理布局、提高居民医疗服务公平性提供决策参考。方法:基于ARCGIS软件,采用加权空间阻隔模型,对银川市居民点与二级以上医院的空间可达性进行测算。结果:各居民点到医院的空间可达性区间为8.29~56.93,空间可达性水平比较集中,且相对较低,在空间上呈现出中间低、东西高的特点,位于银川市中部的金凤区和西夏区交界处可达性区间较小(8.29~10.00),而位于东西部的西夏区西部、兴庆区东部空间可达性区间较高(40.00~56.93),说明银川市主城区中部各居民点到医院的空间可达性强,东部和西部地区的空间可达性弱。结论:银川市二级以上医院分布不均衡,偏中部地区集中,分布在西部和东部的贺兰县、镇北堡区二级以上医院资源缺少。建议“十四五”期间银川市应进一步调整医院设置,优化空间布局,逐步改变条块分割的状况,形成布局合理、分工明确、均衡发展的新格局。

OBJECTIVE Based on the geographic information system,the layout of medical institutions and the accessibility of residents’medical space in Yinchuan were analyzed and studied,aiming to provide reference for decision-making reference for improving the rational layout of medical institutions’resources and improving the fairness of residents’medical services.METHODS Based on the ARCGIS software,the weighted spatial barrier model was used to measure the spatial accessibility of the Yinchuan settlements and the secondary and above medical institutions.RESULTS The spatial accessibility interval from each residential point to the hospital was 8.29~56.93,and the spatial accessibility level was relatively concentrated and relatively low,showing the characteristics of low middle and high east and west in the space.The accessibility range at the junction of Jinfeng district and Xixia district in the middle of Yinchuan was small,8.29~10.00,while the west of Xixia district and Xingqing district in the east and west,was40.00~56.93,which indicated the central urban area of Yinchuan,and the weak spatial accessibility in the eastern and western regions.CONCLUSION The distribution of medical institutions in Yinchuan is unbalanced,the central region is concentrated,and the medical institutions in Helan county and Xinbao are lack of resources.It is suggested that the 14th Yinchuan should further adjust the setting of medical institutions during the 14th Five-year Plan period,optimize the spatial layout of medical institutions,gradually change the situation of segmentation,and form a new pattern of reasonable layout,clear division of labor and balanced development,which is one of the key tasks of the development of medical and health undertakings in Yinchuan.