415例老年肺结核患者发病情况流行病学分析

Epidemiological Analysis of 415 Cases of Senile Pulmonary Tuberculosis

目的:探讨老年肺结核患者发病及影响因素,为制定肺结核病防控工作策略提供参考依据。方法:采用描述流行病学方法,对2011—2020年河南省新县报告的老年肺结核患者发病人群的分布特征、病例来源、就诊、发现及时性等情况进行流行病学分析。结果:2010—2020年河南省新县共报告老年肺结核病例415例,年均报告发病率为76.33/10万,发病率呈下降趋势,年均递降率为5.18%,但仍然维持在相对较高的水平;男性发病多于女性,性别比为4.76:1;职业以农民为主(89.88%);转诊是目前发现病例的主要方式;老年肺结核病患者就诊及时率、发现及时率均较低,尤其是老年女性肺结核病患者更为突出,男性与女性比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为7.643、8.416,P值均<0.01)。结论:老年肺结核疫情仍然严峻,应结合目前紧密型医共体建设和农村基本公共卫生服务等项目,加强基层肺结核病防控能力建设,促进老年肺结核病例早发现、早诊断、早治疗。

OBJECTIVE To explore the epidemiological characteristics of elderly pulmonary tuberculosis patients,and to provide a basis for the formulation of strategies in tuberculosis(TB)prevention and control.METHODS The data of elderly TB patients reported from 2011 to 2020 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method,including the distribution of population,time and region,source of treatment,timeliness of treatment and discovery.RESULTS A total of 415 cases of elderly TB patients were reported from2011 to 2020.The average annual incidence rate was 76.33/100000.The average annual decline rate was 5.18%.The incidence rate showed a downward trend but remained at a relatively high level.The incidence rate of man was higher than that in females,and the sex ratio was 4.76:1.Farmers were the main occupation,accounting for 89.88%of the total cases.Referral was the main way to report patients.Both the rates of treatment timeliness and report timeliness were low,especially in the elderly women,there was significant difference between male and female(χ^(2)=7.643,8.416,P<0.01).CONCLUSION The epidemic situation of elderly TB patient is still severe.It should combine the current construction of close medical union and the implementation of essential public health projects in rural areas,and strengthen the capacity building of TB prevention and control,so as to ensure early detection and treatment in elderly TB patients.