基于VIIRS的湖北省生物质燃烧时空格局演变及影响因素分析

Space-time Pattern and Influencing Factors of Biomass Burning in Hubei Province Based on VIIRS

生物质燃烧是影响大气环境的重要因素之一。湖北省作为我国农业大省,农业资源十分丰富。客观全面的分析湖北省生物质燃烧情况,能够为湖北省加强生物质燃烧管控和改善空气质量等提供重要依据。基于VIIRS 375 m热异常产品、土地利用数据及天地图高分辨率遥感影像,提取了2012~2019年湖北省主要生物质燃烧类型火点,揭示了生物质燃烧的时空格局演变过程及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)火点主要集中在湖北中部地势较低的江汉平原地区,以及东部低山丘陵地区。(2)2012~2019年湖北省火点数量在整体上呈现明显的下降趋势,秸秆焚烧为湖北省生物质燃烧主要类型。其中,秸秆焚烧火点和林地火点占比分别为67.43%和32.57%。(3)2015年后,秸秆焚烧火点数量显著下降,且维持在较低水平,治理成效显著。严格的禁烧政策下,由于缺乏秸秆综合利用途径,孝感市、随州市、武汉市和黄冈市等地出现严重反弹。因此,除了进一步强化禁烧政策,还需寻求更多秸秆综合利用的途径,形成科学的长效的管控措施。(4)秸秆焚烧的高峰期主要集中在收获季节,但严格的管控措施下,部分地区错峰焚烧导致春季和冬季出现多个分散的秸秆焚烧的小高峰期。林火主要发生在2~4月,该时间段内春节和清明上坟烧纸是引起湖北省森林火灾的重要因素。(5)秸秆焚烧火点在空间上分布范围呈现先扩大后缩小的形势;天门市东部和孝感市接壤地区一直是火点密集区,孝感市全域和武汉市北部秸秆焚烧热点区域呈较快速度扩展;襄阳市以及位于江汉平原的荆州市、仙桃市、潜江市和天门市西部等地,原先秸秆焚烧热点区域火点减少明显;林火主要分布在湖北省北部和东部地区,自2016年以来湖北省林火密度均处于较低水平。

Biomass burning is one of the important factors influencing the atmospheric environment.As a major agricultural province in China,Hubei Province is rich in agricultural resources.A comprehensive analysis of the biomass burning in Hubei Province can provide an important basis for Hubei Province to strengthen the management and control of biomass burning and improve air quality.Based on VIIRS 375 m thermal anomaly products,land use data and high-resolution remote sensing images,the main types of fire points of biomass burning in Hubei Province from 2012 to 2019 were extracted,revealing the temporal-spatial evolution process of biomass burning and its influencing factors.The results show that:(1)The fires are mainly concentrated in the central Jianghan Plian,and the low mountain and hilly regions in eastern Jianghan Plain.(2)The number of fire spots in Hubei Province showed a clear downward trend during the period 2012-2019,and the straw burning is the main type of biomass burning in Hubei Province.Straw burning fire spots and forest fire spots accounted for 67.43%and 32.57% respectively.(3)After 2015,the number of straw burning fire points decreased significantly,and maintained at a low level.It showed that the control effect was significant.However,the straw burning in Xiaogan City,Suizhou City,Wuhan City and Huanggang City have experienced serious rebounds due to lack of way of comprehensive utilization.Therefore,in addition to further strengthening the ban on burning,it is necessary to find more ways to form scientific and long-term control measures of straw burning.(4)The peak period of straw burning is mainly concentrated in the harvest season,with some small peaks of straw burning appeared in spring and winter.(5)The spatial distribution of straw burning fire spots has expanded and then shrunk.The fire points of the original straw burning hotspots have been significantly reduced in Xiangyang City,Jingzhou City,Xiantao City,Qianjiang City and the western Tianmen City.Forest fire points are mainly distribute in the northern and eastern regions of Hubei Province.Since 2016,the forest fire density in Hubei Province has been at a relatively low level.