以信息收集义务解决过失犯具体预见可能性的困境

Solving the Dilemma of Specific Possibility-Foreseen in Negligence Crimes by the Information Collection Obligation

在判例显现出具体预见可能性难以认定困境的情况下,理论上出现对新新过失论进行重新审视和修正的动向。以“预见可能性的法益关联性”和“预见可能性的结果回避义务关联性”为基础,危惧感和具体预见可能性可通过信息收集义务连接。信息收集义务是为了达到对结果一定程度的预见而进行事前检查、充实预见资料的义务,具有外部预见义务属性。该义务在具备危惧感时被科处,履行目标是达至具体预见可能性。实际在过失构造诸立场中均可适用该义务,不过在不同立场中所要达到的预见可能性目标程度不同。影响预见可能性认定的仅是该义务的预见可能性提升可能性,在不具有履行可能性和履行无效时应进行义务免除。在我国语境下的过失犯认定中,信息收集义务对于仅具备危惧感之行为人的预见可能性认定具有重要的解释论意义,且通过排除义务免除情形,能够实质减少司法实践中直接认定结果责任的做法。实践中适用该义务需兼采主客观标准,范围应被限制在高风险业务以及监督过失领域。

Under the circumstance that it is dfficult to identify specific possibility-foreseen in precedents,the latest negligence theory has been re-examined and revised.Based on"the legal interest relevance of possibility-foreseen"and"the result avoidance obligation relevance of possibility-foreseen",specific possibility-foreseen and sense of fear can be connected through information collection obligation.The information collection obligation is an obligation to check in advance and enrich foresight materials in order to reach a certain degree of Possibility-foreseen of outcome,it should be positioned as external foreseeable obligation.This obligation is imposed when there is a sense of fear,and the goal of performance is to reach specific possibility-foreseen.The information collection obligation actually applies in different viewpoints of negligence construction,although the degree to which possibility-foreseen is to be achieved varies in different viewpoints.The only thing that affects possibility-foreseen is the possibility of improvement of possibility-foreseen of information collection obligation,so that this obligation should be exempted if there is no possibility of performance or performance is invalid.In determination of negligence in context of our country,this obligation has important interpretive significance for determination of possibility-foreseen of perpetrator who only has a sense of fear,and by excluding the situation that does not have possibility of increasing possibility-foreseen,it can substantially reduce practice of directly determining responsibility by result in judicial practice.Application of information collection obligation is based on subjective and objective criteria,and its scope should be limited to high-risk areas and areas of oversight negligence.