磷脂酶C对大豆原油脱胶效果的研究

Enzyme-catalyzed degumming of crude soybean oil by phospholipase C

为了避免传统脱胶方式引起的化学品消耗大、水耗高,而且脱胶油得率低、残磷量高等问题,以大豆原油为原料,采用磷脂酶C对其进行酶法脱胶,考察加酶量、柠檬酸添加量、脱胶温度和脱胶时间对磷脂脱除和脱胶油得率的影响。结果表明,磷脂酶C脱胶的最佳反应条件为0.45 g/mL柠檬酸添加量0.15 mL(100 g原油)、加酶量40 mg/100 g(以油质量计)、脱胶温度50℃、脱胶时间4 h。在最佳条件下,磷脂酶C脱胶油中含磷量降至1.00 mg/kg。酶法脱胶油的脂肪酸组成和各脂肪酸相对含量与大豆原油相比无显著差异。与酸化脱胶相比,酶法脱胶油的得率无显著差异,油中甘一酯和甘二酯相对含量分别增加了0.49、1.15百分点,甘三酯相对含量减少了2.28百分点,油脚中磷脂的组成及各组分相对含量无变化。

To eliminate those issues of large amounts of chemical and water consumption,low degummed oil yield,and high residual phosphorus content caused by traditional degumming methods,phospholipase C was used to the degumming of crude soybean oil,and the effects of phospholipase C loading amount,citric acid loading amount,degumming temperature,and degumming time on the removal of phospholipid and yield of degummed oil were systemically investigated.The results showed that the optimal degumming conditions were 0.45 g/mL citric acid loading amount 0.15 mL(100 g crude soybean oil),phospholipase C loading amount 40 mg/100 g,degumming temperature 50℃,and degumming time 4 h.Under the optimal conditions,the content of phosphorus in phospholipase C-catalyzed degummed oil was reduced to 1.00 mg/kg.Enzymatic degumming didn′t change the fatty acid composition and the relative contents of enzymatic degummed oil in comparison with crude oil.Compared with acid degumming,the yield of enzymatic degummed oil was not significantly different,the relative contents of monoglycerides and diglycerides in degummed oil increased by 0.49,1.15 pecentage point,respectively,while the relative contents of triglycerides decreased by 2.28 pecentage point.The phospholipase C-catalyzed degumming didn′t change phospholipid composition and the relative contents of oil sediment compared with acid degumming.