科研数据开放共享的经济逻辑与制度安排

The economic logic and institutional arrangement for the open sharing of research data

明晰科研数据开放共享的经济逻辑并据此进行相应的制度安排,可为规范科研数据管理与挖掘数据服务于科研、经济与社会的潜能提供理论借鉴和实践参考。从分析科研数据的物品属性及其开放共享的实质出发,提出科研数据分阶段开放共享制度。采用成本收益分析法解析其经济逻辑,并与其他科研数据管理与共享方式进行福利比较,发现分阶段开放共享是现阶段科研数据管理可付诸实践且能实现更高福利水平的制度安排。最后针对产权界定、科研数据交易共享平台建设、收费期节点等关键问题做具体制度安排。

To clarify the economic logic for the open sharing of research data and make the corresponding institutional arrangement can help to offer the theoretical and practical references for standardizing the research data management and mining the potential of data in serving the scientific research, economy, and society. Starting from analyzing the goods attribute of research data and the essence of its open sharing, the work proposes a model of open sharing in stages for research data. The cost-benefit method is then used to analyze its economic logic, while a welfare comparison with other research data managing and sharing modes is adopted as well. The result suggests that it is an institutional arrangement with high feasibility and higher welfare level for research data to implement open sharing in stages. Finally, the corresponding operation arrangements are made for the key issues such as the property right definition, research data transaction and sharing platform, chargeable time nodes, and so on.