清代民国时期贵州蕨食用与价值利用探析

Edible and Value Utilization of Guizhou Fern in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

清代民国时期贵州蕨分布广泛,用途多样。在恶劣的自然环境和人文环境中,蕨与当地民众生活息息相关,贵州民众对蕨的食用和加工复杂多样,从而也赋予了蕨特殊的意义。通过梳理贵州地方志、调查资料和竹枝词等资料,对贵州蕨的分布范围、种类、贵州民众食用蕨的原因、蕨在贵州的食用加工以及其价值利用等进行了探析。贵州蕨不仅做菜食还充当了主食,丰富了贵州的饮食文化。此外还衍生了经济效益、药用价值、育田肥地等功能。因此贵州蕨在历史发展中角色虽不断转变,但地位仍一如既往的重要。

In the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,Guizhou fern was widely distributed and used in various ways. In the face of the harsh natural and cultural environment,people in Guizhou have given the fern special significance,making it closely related to people’s life in the social history over hundreds of years. Therefore,the consumption and processing of fern are complex and diverse. In this paper,by combing the local Chronicles,investigation data and zhuzhi ci of Guizhou,and the distribution range and species of fern in Guizhou,the reasons why people in Guizhou eat fern,the edible processing of fern in Guizhou and its value utilization were analyzed. Guizhou fern is not only a dish,but also one kind of staple food. In addition,it derives economic benefits,gives full play to its medicinal value,and can nourish the fertile land and enrich the diet culture of Guizhou. Although the role of Guizhou fern has been changing in the historical development,its status is still as important as ever.