碳排放权交易政策试点与能源环境效率——来自中国287个地级市的实证检验

Carbon Emission Trading Policy Pilot and Energy-Environmental Efficiency:An Empirical Study of 287 Prefecture-Level Cities in China

为评估碳排放权交易政策在中国试点地区的节能减排效应,以2007—2018年287个地级及以上城市为研究样本,从综合能源环境效率和纯能源环境效率两个维度测算城市能源环境效率,运用双重差分的准自然实验法,检验碳排放权交易政策试点对能源环境效率的作用,并考察其影响机制。结果表明,碳排放权交易政策能够有效推动试点城市能源环境效率的提升,促进试点城市的节能减排。进一步研究发现,碳排放权交易政策对于城市节能减排的促进作用受到城市产业结构、绿色创新强度以及要素市场发育的影响。此外,碳排放权交易政策还具有规模经济效应和工业结构差异,其对能源环境效率的提升效果在人口规模较大城市、老工业基地城市更为显著。由此,碳排放权交易政策在中国的进一步推进应注重产业结构优化、绿色创新引领和要素市场化改革,并重点在大城市、老工业基地城市开展,从而实现中国整体能源环境效率的提升。

In order to test the energy saving and emission reduction effect of carbon emission trading policy pilot in China,this paper takes 287 prefecture-level cities as research samples from 2007 to 2018,measures the urban energy-environment efficiency from two dimensions,which are energy-environmental performance index and unified energy-environmental performance index,and uses the quasi-natural experiment method of difference-in-difference to examine the effect of carbon emission trading policy on energy environment efficiency and examines its influence mechanism.The results show that the carbon emission trading policy pilot can effectively promote the improvement of urban energy and environmental efficiency and promote urban energy conservation and emission reduction.Further research shows that the effect of carbon emission trading policy pilot is influenced by urban industrial structure,green innovation intensity and factor market development.In addition,carbon emission trading policy has a more significant role in promoting energy-environment efficiency of large-scale cities and old industrial base cities.Therefore,the further promotion process of carbon emission trading policy in China should focus on industrial structure optimization,green innovation incentive and factor market marketization,and focus on large cities,old industrial cities,so as to achieve the improvement of China’s overall energy environment efficiency.