上古汉语“方式+结果”动词研究

A Study on the“Manner+Result”Verbs in Archaic Chinese

通过词义、句法语义和音义匹配等方面的综合考察,发现上古汉语中存在一些“方式+结果”动词,包括表致死义的“弑”类动词,表断折义的“截、斩、拉”,表分离义的“剖”,表使出义的“抉”,以及通过音变构词派生出的“贯_(去)、染_(去)”。这些动词所处的语义场中通常存在一个作为上位词的“致使+结果”动词,且在上古汉语中都没有相配的表状态变化的不及物用法。

Through the comprehensive investigation of the lexical semantics,syntax semantics and phonetic-semantic relations,it is found that there are some“Manner+Result”verbs in Archaic Chinese,including the“Shi(弑)”verbs that express the meaning of death,“Jie(截),Zhan(斩),La(拉)”that express the broken meaning,“Pou(剖)”that expresses the separated meaning,“Jue(抉)”that expresses the meaning of getting something out,and the“Guan(贯),Ran(染)”with a Qusheng(去声)tone derived from the phonetic-change word formation.Usually,there is a“Cause+Result”verb as the hypernym in each semantic field of these verbs,and none of them have evolved into the matched intransitive usage expressing the state change in Archaic Chinese.