人工种植牙种植位点麻醉术及其临床应用

Anesthesia at dental implant site and its clinical application

人工种植牙种植位点麻醉术是针对人工种植牙植入术设计的一种麻醉术式,其主要方法是在种植体植入部位牙槽嵴顶的中心进行穿刺的局部浸润注射麻醉术,又称之为牙槽嵴顶麻醉术。该方法简便易行,麻醉药用量少、起效快、创伤小、手术过程出血少、安全有效,是当前唯一专门应用于人工种植牙的专有麻醉术。人工种植牙种植位点麻醉术应用范围广,既可应用于常规的翻瓣人工种植手术,又可应用于不翻瓣的人工种植;既可用于前牙区的种植,也可用于后牙区的种植;既可用于单颗牙的种植,也可用于多颗牙缺失以及无牙颌的种植;既可用于上颌窦的内提升术,也可应用于部分上颌窦外提升的手术,还可应用于部分牙槽骨骨修整及骨增量等手术的麻醉。在应用于单颗牙的人工种植牙麻醉时,一次一针注射即可完成植入术;对多数牙缺失或无牙颌的人工种植牙植入则采取分区注射的方法。本文重点对人工种植牙种植位点麻醉术的定义、特点、适应证、应用范围、注意事项以及常见问题与处理做一报告。

Dental implant site anesthesia is a kind of anesthesia designed for artificial dental implant.Its main method is puncture and local infiltration injection anesthesia at the central part of the alveolar crest at the implant site,which is also called alveolar crest anesthesia.It is simple and easy to operate,with less amount of anesthetics,quick effect,less trauma,less bleeding during surgery,safe and effective.It is currently the only specialized anesthesia used in the field of artificial dental implants.Anesthesia at the implant site of artificial implants has a wide range of applications.It can be applied to both the conventional flap implantation and the non-flap implantation,and can be used for both the anterior and the posterior dental implants.It can be used not only for single tooth implantation,but also for implantation of multiple teeth missing and edentulous jaws.Moreover,it can be used not only for the internal lifting of maxillary sinus,but for partial external lifting of maxillary sinus,as well as partial alveolar bone repair and bone augmentation surgery.This method is suitable for young patients,especially for the elderly.When it is applied to single tooth missing,the implantation can be completed by one injection at a time;for the implantation of most missing teeth or edentulous jaws,the method of zonal injection can also achieve ideal results.This article focuses on the definition,characteristics,indications,application scope,precautions,common problems and treatment of anesthesia at dental implant site.