长链非编码RNA在神经退行性疾病中作用机制的研究进展

Research Progress of Mechanisms of Long Non-coding RNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是指一组在真核细胞中转录长度超过200个核苷酸的非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA),是细胞基因调控网络的基本组成部分,具有组织特异性和条件表达特异性。以往研究证明,lncRNA在中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)大量富集,显示出复杂的时空表达谱,并以多种方式参与大脑发育的调控。近年来,越来越多的研究提示,lncRNA基因位点的失调或突变与多种CNS相关的神经退行性疾病(neurodegenerative diseases,NDDs)密切相关,如阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)、帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)、多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis,MS)、亨廷顿病(Huntington disease,HD)及肌萎缩侧索硬化(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,ALS)等。本文将介绍lncRNA在NDDs中的研究进展,为理解这一类疾病的病因、病理机制及靶向治疗发展提供新的见解。

Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)refer to a group of non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)transcribed in eukaryotic cells with a length of more than 200 nucleotides.It is a basic part of the cellular gene regulatory network and is characterized by tissue specificity and conditional expression specificity.Previous studies have proved that lncRNAs are abundantly enriched in the central nervous system(CNS),show a complex temporal and spatial expression profile,and participate in the regulation of brain development in a variety of ways.In recent years,a growing number of studies have suggested that dysregulation or mutation of the lncRNA genes is closely related to a variety of CNS-related neurodegenerative diseases(NDDs),such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease(PD),multiple sclerosis(MS),Huntington disease(HD),amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),etc.This article summarizes the research progress of lncRNAs in NDDs in order to provide new insights for understanding the etiology,pathological mechanism and targeted therapy of these diseases.