鸡传染性支气管炎防控存在的问题及对策

Problems and countermeasures in prevention and control of avian infectious bronchitis

鸡传染性支气管炎是由禽冠状病毒感染所引起的一种家禽常见的呼吸道疾病。鸡传染性支气管炎病毒具有易变异、不同毒株的器官亲嗜性不同等特点,该病毒具有多种血清型和基因型。在生产实践过程中,鸡传染性支气管炎的防控存在多个误区。在免疫和疫苗使用方面,存在首免时间晚、疫苗选择不当、过早使用H52疫苗、免疫方法与免疫技术不过关、乱用疫苗导致重组、忽视成年鸡的防疫等问题。在饲养管理方面,存在不同年龄鸡群混养、育雏舍空舍时间不够与消毒不彻底、缺乏严格的防疫消毒制度、忽视隔离、饲养环境差等问题。提出加强饲养管理、严格消毒、科学免疫接种、流行病学动态监测、建立合作机制等防控对策。

Avian infectious bronchitis is a common respiratory disease caused by avian coronavirus.Avian infectious bronchitis virus has such characteristics as easy variation and different organ affinity of different strains.Avian infectious bronchitis virus contains a number of serotypes and genotypes.Many problems and incorrect handling measures have been discovered in prevention and control of avian infectious bronchitis.In terms of immunization and vaccine selection,some problems such as the first immunization time was too late,improper vaccine selection,premature use of H52 vaccine,poor immunization methods and immune technology,recombination caused by indiscriminate use of vaccine,and neglect of epidemic prevention of adult chickens,were existed in the prevention of avian infectious bronchitis.Moreover,some problems involved in feeding and management were also emerged including mixed feeding of large and small chickens,insufficient empty time and incomplete disinfection in the brood house,lack of strict epidemic prevention and disinfection system,neglect of isolation of illness chicken,poor feeding environment.The author raised the corresponding improvement strategies,such as strengthening feeding management,strict disinfection,scientific immunization,epidemic dynamic monitoring and establishing cooperation mechanism.