全球蜂蜜贸易分析及未来展望

Analysis on Global Honey Trade and Its Future Prospects

随着人民生活水平的提高和国力的提升,中国由世界主要蜂蜜生产国和出口国发展成为生产、消费和贸易大国,蜂蜜贸易额长期位居世界前列。近年来,全球蜂蜜产量平稳上升,高出口单价国家贸易额快速增加,蜂蜜贸易伙伴关系较为稳定。2017—2021年,中国蜂蜜出口均价为世界贸易均价的44%,出口方式以大包装蜂蜜为主。2021年中国蜂蜜进出口额分列全球第四位和第二位。从当前主要出口目的国集中度来看,出口较为平稳。2022年全球蜂蜜贸易额可能出现下行苗头,乌克兰出口供给缺口将由亚洲主产国补充,中国蜂蜜出口将保持平稳或小幅攀升。2010年后中国进口蜂蜜单价急剧攀升,但近5年蜂蜜进口量仅占国内蜂蜜年消费量的0.8%~1.6%,不会对国产蜂蜜价格造成冲击。从长远来看,中国蜂蜜产业亟待建立消费者认可的分级分类标准,并以官方标准为蜂蜜质量背书,营造优质优价的差异化市场竞争环境。

With the improvement of people's living standards and national strength,China has developed from a major honey producer and exporter to a big country in production,consumption and trade,and its trade volume has long been in the forefront of the world.In recent years,the global honey production has increased steadily,the trade volume of countries with high export price has increased rapidly,and the honey trade partnership is relatively stable.From 2017 to 2021,China's honey export price was 44%of the average world trade price and the main export mode is large packaging.In 2021,China's honey import and export volume ranked fourth and second respectively in the world.The export is relatively stable based on the current CI(Concentration Index).The global honey trade volume may show signs of decline in 2022.The supply gap of Ukraine for exporting might be supplemented by major Asian producing countries,and China's honey exports will remain stable or rise slightly.The price of imported honey experienced sharp rise after 2010,but the import volume only accounts for 0.8%~1.6%of annually China's honey consumption in recent 5 years,which will not have an impact on the price of honey produced in China.In the long term,China's honey industry urgently needs to establish grading and classification standards recognized by consumers,endorse honey quality with official standards,and build up a differentiated market competition environment with high quality and high price.