高油酸油菜遗传育种研究进展

Research Progress on the Genetics and Varieties Breeding of High-oleic-acid Rapeseed

油酸(C18∶1)是双低菜籽油的主要脂肪酸之一,合理的高油酸菜籽油脂肪酸组分更有利于人体健康,因此提高油酸含量是双低油菜品质育种的一个重要方向。当前我国高油酸油菜品种选育相关研究进展缓慢,高油酸菜籽油产业化进程急需提速。围绕高油酸油菜主要从四个方面开展论述:国内外利用理化方法成功创建的油菜高油酸种质资源及其高油酸性状遗传模式;油菜高油酸性状的控制基因及其突变位点;世界上高油酸品种的培育以及我国高油酸品种的发展趋势;当前高油酸品种的不足及今后高油酸油菜品种的改良途径。为油菜育种工作者较全面地展示了国际上高油酸油菜在遗传育种方面的研究成果,也为今后我国高油酸油菜的进一步发展提供了参考。

Oleic acid(C18∶1)is one of the main fatty acids of double-low rapeseed oil.Reasonable fatty acid composition of high-oleic-acid rapeseed oil is beneficial to human health.Therefore,improving the oleic acid content is an important direc⁃tion of rapeseed quality breeding.At present,although the breeding of high-oleic-acid rapeseed varieties in China has start⁃ed,the relevant research progress is slow,and the industrialization of high-oleic-acid rapeseed oil needs to be improved ur⁃gently.This paper focused on the high-oleic-acid rapeseed mainly from four aspects:the high-oleic-acid germplasm resourc⁃es established by physical and chemical methods globally and their genetic models of the high-oleic-acid trait;the control genes and mutant loci identified in high-oleic-acid germplasm;the cultivation of high-oleic-acid varieties in the world and the development trend of high-oleic-acid varieties in China;the shortcomings of the current high-oleic-acid rapeseed variet⁃ies and the improvement ways of the future high-oleic-acid rapeseed varieties.This review comprehensively demonstrated the international research results of high-oleic-acid rapeseed in genetics and breeding for breeders,and also provided a ref⁃erence for further development of high-oleic-acid rapeseed in China.