TET酶的生物学功能及相关机制的研究进展

Progress on Biological Functions and Mechanisms of TET Enzymes

DNA甲基化(DNA methylation)及去甲基化属于常见的表观遗传修饰,可介导多种生理和病理过程。DNA甲基化及去甲基化修饰参与基因的表达调控,且二者的动态平衡可以维持遗传表达稳定性。DNA甲基转移酶(DNA methyltransferase,DNMT)主要包括DNMT1、DNMT3A、DNMT3B、DNMT3L,DNA去甲基化酶(DNA demethylase)主要指10-11易位蛋白(ten-eleven-translocation protein,TET)家族,包括TET1、TET2、TET3,是调节DNA甲基化和去甲基化的重要酶类。TET酶是目前发现的调节DNA去甲基化(DNA demethylation)过程中最重要的酶。综述了TET酶在DNA去甲基化修饰中的作用机制,探讨了DNA去甲基化酶在生长发育和疾病中的关键作用,以期为今后表观遗传学的相关研究提供新思路。

DNA methylation and demethylation are common epigenetic modification,which mediate a variety of physiological and pathological processes,and participate in the regulation of gene expression.Its dynamic equilibriums maintain biological ge⁃netic stability.DNA methyltransferase(DNMT)including DNMT1,DNMT3A,DNMT3B,DNMT3L and DNA demethylase mainly refer to the ten-eleven translocation(TET)family proteins,and TET1,TET2,TET3 are essential DNA methylases and DNA demethylases,which are the vital enzymes responsible for regulating DNA methylation and demethylation.TET enzymes are the most important enzyme found to promote the process of DNA demethylation.This paper summarized the mechanism of TET demethylases in DNA demethylation,and discussed its key role in growth,development and diseases,which amied to pro⁃vide new ideas for subsequent epigenetic research.