法治视野下教育惩戒的权责边界与制度优化

Power Boundary and System Optimization of Education Discipline from the Perspective of the Rule of Law

教育惩戒是教育生态的内在要求,是惩戒性教育评价的实践形式。教育惩戒需坚守教育活动的内在逻辑,促进教育与法律之间的深层协作。对教育惩戒清晰而深刻的认知,有利于法律政策的有效落实;法理上的廓清,有助于教育秩序的构建。学校的教育惩戒权在性质上归于“权力”的范畴,而教师的教育惩戒权具有“权利”与“权力”的双重属性。教育惩戒权对教师来说是权利,同时也是义务。学校及其工作人员在行使教育惩戒权时不得越权侵犯学生的合法权益,否则要被追究法律责任。教育惩戒权本身所具有的矫正功能以及“教不严,师之惰”的教育责任,驱使着教育者合理合法地行使教育惩戒权;现时期必须对我国教育惩戒权加强法律规制,使惩戒权的行使走向规范化。

Educational discipline is an inherent requirement of educational ecology and a practical form of disciplinary education evaluation.Educational discipline should adhere to the inherent logic of educational activities and promote the deep cooperation between education and law.A clear and profound understanding of educational discipline is conducive to the effective implementation of legal policies;a clarification of legal principles is conducive to the construction of educational order.The educational disciplinary power of schools belongs to the category of“power”in nature,while the educational disciplinary power of teachers has the dual nature of“right”and“power”.The right to education and punishment is both a right and an obligation for teachers.Schools and their staff shall not exceed their authority to infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of students when exercising their educational disciplinary powers,otherwise they will be investigated for legal responsibility.The corrective function of the educational disciplinary power itself and the educational responsibility of“lack of strict teaching and lazy teachers”drive educators to exercise the educational disciplinary power reasonably and legally;at present,the educational disciplinary power in China must strengthen legal regulations to make the disciplinary power more effective,and move towards standardization.