植物精油及其单体成分对水果腐败菌的抑菌活性及作用机理研究进展

Research Progress on the Antibacterial Effect and Mechanism of Plant Essential Oils and Monomer Components on Fruit Spoilage Microorganisms

为寻求绿色、天然的水果防腐保鲜剂,对水果常见的腐败微生物及其特征进行了分析,综述了牛至、肉桂、百里香、丁香、橙皮、芥末和山苍子7种植物精油对水果常见腐败菌的抑制作用,分析了百里酚、香芹酚、肉桂醛、柠檬醛、丁香酚5种精油单体成分的抑菌机理,总结出植物精油及其单体成分对水果常见腐败菌抑菌机理主要有以下5个途径:破坏细胞壁、细胞质膜,增强膜通透性;通过降低或抑制霉菌孢子的产生与萌发,阻断其繁殖;线粒体膜发生电势超级化,TCA循环关键酶活性被抑制,氧化还原反应系统被破坏;抑制ATP的合成和呼吸酶的活性,能量代谢异常;干扰DNA、RNA正常合成或加速RNA降解。

In order to seek green and natural preservatives for fruits,the common spoilage microorganisms and their characteristics were analyzed.Seven essential oils of Origanum vulgare L,Cinnamomum cassia Presl,Thymus mongolicus Ronn,Syzygium aromaticum(L.)Merr.Et Perry,orange peel,mustard and Litsea cubeba(Lour.)Pers.were analyzed for their inhibitory effects on common fruit spoilage bacteria.Thymol,carvacrol,cinnamaldehyde,citral,and eugenol 5 monomeric components were found in many plant essential oils,and some of those components were rich in the above oils such as orange peel,which may be the material basis for the significant antibacterial and bactericidal effects of the plant essential oils.The analysis concluded that the plant essential oil and its monomeric components on the common fruit spoilage bacteria inhibition mechanism mainly included the following five ways:damaging the cell wall,cytoplasmic membrane,enhancing membrane’s permeability that results in cytoplasm,nucleic acid and protein leakage and affects the exchange of substances,etc;reducing or inhibiting the reproduction and germination of mold spores,which causes the mycelium to be twisted and broken,lysing and dying;the mitochondrial membrane potential undergoes hyperpolarization,whereas the activity of key enzymes of the TCA cycle is inhibited,and the redox reaction system is disrupted;the synthesis of ATP and the activity of respiratory enzyme systems are inhibited,and energy metabolism becomes abnormal;the normal synthesis of DNA and RNA is interfered or the degradation of RNA is accelerated.