太行山中低山石灰岩区典型小流域治理措施及效果

Management Measures and Effects of Typical Small Watersheds in the Middle and Low Mountain Limestone Areas of Taihang Mountains

【目的】通过划分小流域类型,对太行山中低山石灰岩区典型小流域提出治理措施,分析治理效果,为建立小流域综合治理优化模式体系奠定基础。【方法】通过野外调查和查阅资料,根据岩石类型和小流域所处的地理位置划分小流域类型,在对小流域分类和分区的基础上,考虑物种的生态适宜性、小流域经济特征,兼顾社会、经济、生态效益,从而形成规模经营,发挥区域资源优势小流域治理模式。【结果】太行山中低山石灰岩区选取的典型小流域有东井小流域、翟庄小流域、继城小流域、安河小流域、册井小流域、上岳各庄小流域。各小流域主要治理措施有栽植水保林,主要树种有油松、侧柏、小叶杨、垂柳、黄连木、刺槐、紫穗槐等,鱼鳞坑整地;栽植经济林主要树种有胡桃、柿子、枣、花椒、杏、板栗,反坡梯田整地;各小流域的治理措施还包括封禁治理、建设水平梯田、河滩人工垫地、谷坊坝、水池、扬水站、道路、蓄水池、水窖。【结论】通过治理,太行山中低山石灰岩区典型小流域提高了生态效益和经济效益,减少了地表径流和土壤流失量,减轻了各种自然灾害可能造成的损失。使土地资源得到了合理的开发利用,提高了土地资源利用率和商品产出率,为发展优质、高效、绿色产业奠定了基础;同时水土保持治理措施的实施,有效地防治了洪水、泥石流的危害,增强了抗御自然灾害的能力。

【Objective】By dividing the types of small watersheds,the governance measures are put forward for typical small watersheds in the middle and low mountain limestone areas of Taihang Mountains,and the effect of governance is analyzed,which lays the foundation for the establishment of a comprehensive management and optimization model system for small watersheds.【Method】Through field investigation and data review,the types of small watersheds should be divided according to the rock types and the geographical location of small watersheds.On the basis of classification and division of small watersheds,the ecological suitability of species and the economic characteristics of small watersheds should be considered.Economic and ecological benefits,so as to form a scale operation and give play to the regional resource advantages and small watershed governance models.【Result】The typical small watersheds selected in the middle and low mountain limestone area of Taihang Mountains are Dongjing small watershed,Zhaizhuang small watershed,Jicheng small watershed,Anhe small watershed,Sejing small watershed and Shangyuegezhuang small watershed.The main control measures in each small watershed are planting water conservation forests,the main tree species are Pinus tabulaeformis,Platycladus orientalis,Populus simonii,Salix babylonica,Pistacia chinensis,Robinia pseudoacacia,Amorpha fruticosa,fish scale pit preparation;the main tree species for planting economic forests are Juglans regia,Diospyros kaki,Ziziphus jujuba,Zanthoxylum bungeanum,Prunus armeniaca,Castanea mollissima,terraced fields on reverse slopes;control measures for small watersheds also include banning and control,construction of horizontal terraces,artificial padding of river beaches,Gufang dams,ponds,pumping stations,roads,reservoirs,and water cellars.【Conclusion】The typical small watersheds in the middle and low mountain limestone areas of the Taihang Mountains have improved ecological and economic benefits through governance,reduced surface runoff and soil loss,and reduced possible losses caused by various natural disasters.The land resources have been reasonably developed and utilized,the utilization rate of land resources and the commodity output rate have been improved,and the foundation has been laid for the development of high-quality,efficient and green industries.At the same time,the implementation of soil and water conservation and control measures has effectively prevented floods and debris flows and enhance the ability to resist natural disasters.