空气污染、外商直接投资与技术创新——基于中介效应的检验

Air Pollution,Foreign Direct Investment and Technological Innovation——Based on Mediation Effect Test

从理论层面分析空气污染对技术创新的作用途径和传导机制,构建空气污染、外商直接投资与技术创新的内在机理和中介效应模型,并结合2006—2020年中国30个省份的面板数据进行实证检验。结果表明,空气污染对技术创新水平的影响呈倒“U”型,对外商直接投资的影响则呈“U”型;外商直接投资在空气污染与技术创新之间存在部分中介效应,即空气污染通过外商直接投资对技术创新产生间接影响;空气污染对技术创新的影响存在区域异质性和创新类型异质性。应加大环境友好型投入、创新资金和人员投入,从根本上减少空气污染物排放;完善外商营商政策和制度,引进高技术外资,不断促进企业绿色技术创新。

This paper analyzes the role and transmission mechanism of air pollution on technological innovation from the theoretical level, building the internal mechanism model and the mediation effect model among air pollution, foreign direct investment(FDI) and technological innovation to do empirical research on their impacts by using the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2006 to 2020. The result shows that the impact of air pollution on technological innovation exhibits the inverted u-shaped feature, while a u-shaped relationship is presented between air pollution and FDI. Meanwhile, FDI plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between air pollution and technological innovation, which means air pollution has an indirect impact on technological innovation through FDI. In addition, the impact of air pollution on technological innovation has heterogeneity in regions and innovation types. We should increase environment-friendly investment, innovation capital and personnel investment to fundamentally reduce air pollutant emissions, improve foreign business policies and systems, introduce high-tech foreign investment, and continuously promote green technology innovation in enterprises.