民族地区乡村振兴创新路径——以获取和惠益分享机制为视角

On the Innovation Path of Rural Rejuvenation in Ethnic Regions:From the perspective of access and benefit-sharing mechanisms

我国民族地区蕴含丰富的生物遗传资源及相关传统文化。这些新兴资源类型为民族地区引入获取和惠益分享机制提供了物质前提和知识基础。获取和惠益分享机制基于民族地区特有的生物遗传资源及相关传统文化,兼具“发展”“补偿”“扶贫”等多项功能,与乡村振兴战略在主体、对象、目标和方式等基本要素发生关联。部分少数民族地区在无政策导向、法律依据前提下,自发、随机通过获取和惠益分享机制实施乡村振兴战略的成功经验,可为产业、生态、文化等方面乡村振兴提供经验参考。未来我国可通过《中华人民共和国乡村振兴促进法》等配套规范的供给、制定,从强化政策功能、提供制度支撑、汇集各方主体力量三大方面深度推进获取和惠益分享机制,实现乡村振兴。

China′s ethnic regions are rich in biogenetic resources and related traditional knowledge.These emerging resource types provide material prerequisites and knowledge bases for the introduction of access and benefit-sharing mechanisms in ethnic areas.The access and benefit-sharing mechanism is based on the mutual benefit of the unique biological genetic resources and related traditional knowledge in ethnic areas,and has multiple functions such as“development”,“compensation”and“poverty alleviation”.Basic elements such as germinal associations.The successful experience of some ethnic minority areas in promoting rural revitalization through spontaneous and random access and benefit sharing without any policy orientation or legal basis can provide experience and reference for rural revitalization in terms of industry,ecology,and culture.In the future,our country can supply and formulate supporting norms through the Law of the People′s Republic of China on the Promotion of Rural Revitalization and the Regulations on the Administration of Access to and Benefit Sharing of Biological Genetic Resources(Draft,tentative name),from strengthening policy functions,providing institutional support,collecting the three major aspects of the main forces of all parties are deeply promoted through the access and benefit-sharing mechanism to achieve rural revitalization.