不同樱属植物叶形态与解剖结构的比较

Comparison of leaf morphology and anatomical structures of different Cerasus species

【目的】分析樱属植物Cerasus种间、品种间的叶形态、解剖结构差异,为樱属植物分类提供参考。【方法】运用LI-COR LI3000C叶面积仪、组织透明法和石蜡切片法,对16个樱属植物的叶形态特征(叶柄长、叶长、叶宽、叶面积)和叶片解剖结构(叶表皮细胞特征、气孔特征、解剖结构特征)等20项典型特征指标进行测定。【结果】尾叶樱桃、华中樱桃、迎春樱桃、高盆樱桃、钟花樱桃、大叶早樱、大岛樱7个物种及‘染井吉野’之间的形态特征有显著性差异,其他选育或杂交的亲缘关系相近的品种、品种与原种之间差异不显著;试材中叶片表皮微形态特征参数和叶解剖结构的参数存在显著差异(P<0.05),16份樱属植物的试材叶片解剖结构参数中,7个种之间差异显著,其他亲缘关系相近的品种之间差异不显著。除尾叶樱桃叶片上下两面密被长表皮毛,迎春樱桃、‘杭州早樱’、大叶早樱有短表皮毛外,其他樱花叶片均无表皮毛。华中樱桃与钟花樱桃的上表皮细胞呈不规则形,其他樱花上表皮细胞均呈多边;尾叶樱桃的叶片下表皮细胞呈多边形,其他樱花叶片下表皮细胞均呈不规则形;迎春樱桃、大叶早樱和‘杭州早樱’的叶片上表皮垂周壁式样呈弓形,其余均为平直;钟花樱桃、大叶早樱、‘花笠樱’和‘郁金樱’的叶片下表皮垂周壁式样呈波状,其他均为弓形;‘松月樱’的单个气孔面积最大,气孔密度最小,迎春樱桃的气孔密度是最大,单个面积最小;其中尾叶樱桃、钟花樱桃、大叶早樱、‘修善寺寒樱’和‘天之川樱’气孔器保卫细胞两极有“T”形加厚;尾叶樱桃、‘阳光樱’和‘郁金樱’的栅栏组织为1层,其他为2层,叶肉组织均分化为栅栏组织和海绵组织,主脉均为开放的半圆形结构,厚度存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。‘花笠樱’的下表皮厚度、叶片厚度和栅栏组织厚度最大,高盆樱桃的栅栏组织厚度与海绵组织厚度之比最大。【结论】华中樱桃等7个物种的叶形态特征和解剖结构有显著差异,亲缘关系相近的品种之间差异不显著,叶形态特征和解剖结构可以作为樱属植物种间鉴定和分类的重要依据。

【Objective】In order to analyze the taxonomical characteristics among species and cultivars of Cerasus,the relationship between drought resistance and leaf morphology was determined in this study.【Method】A total of 20 typical characteristics,for example,the leaf morphological characteristics(petiole length,leaf length,leaf width and leaf area)and leaf anatomical structure(epidermal cell characteristics,stomatal characteristics and anatomical structure characteristics)of 16 Cerasus were measured by using the Li-Cor LI3000C leaf area analyzer,tissue transparency method and paraffin section method.The membership function value method in Fuzzy mathematics was used to comprehensively evaluate the drought resistance of Cerasus.【Result】There were significant differences in morphological characteristics among 7 species of Cerasus conradinae,C.dielsiana,C.campanulata,C.cerasoides,C.subhirtella,C.discoidea,C.serrulata var.lannesiana’Speciosa’and Cerasus×yedoensis’Somei-yoshino’,while there was no significant difference among the other species and cultivars with similar genetic relationship.There were significant differences in leaf epidermal micromorphological characteristic parameters and leaf anatomical structure parameters among the 16 Cerasus species(P<0.05).There were significant differences in leaf anatomical structure parameters among 7 species,while there was no significant difference among the other cultivars with similar genetic relationship.There was dense long fur on the upper and lower sides of Cerasus dielsiana leaves,short fur on the upper and lower sides of leaves of C.discoidea,C.discoidea’Hangzhouzao’and C.subhirtella,the leaves of other species have no fur.The upper epidermal cells of C.conradinae and C.campanulata were irregular in shape,while those of the other Cerasus were multilateral.The lower epidermal cells of Cerasus dielsiana leaves were polygonal,while the other species were irregular.The periclinal wall of the upper epidermis of C.discoidea,C.subhirtella and C.discoidea’Hangzhouzao’leaves was arched and the other Cerasus were all straight.The periclinal wall of the lower epidermis of C.campanulata,C.subhirtella,C.serrulata’Hanagasa’,C.serrulata var.lannesiana’Grandiflora’was sinuous,and the others were arched.C.serrulata var.lannesiana’Superba’had the largest single stomatal area and the smallest stomatal density,while C.discoidea had the largest stomatal density and the smallest single stomatal area.There was T-shaped thickening at the poles of stomatal guard cells of C.dielsiana,C.campanulata,C.subhirtella,Cerasus×Kanzakura’Rubescens’and C.serrulata var.lannesiana’Erect’leaves.There was only one layer of palisade tissue of C.dielsiana,C.campanulata’Youkou’and C.serrulata var.lannesiana’Grandiflora’,and the palisade tissues of other Cerasus were two layers.The mesophyll tissue was evenly divided into palisade tissues and sponge tissues.The main veins of different Cerasus were all open semicircle structures,and there was a significant difference in the thickness(P<0.05).The lower epidermis,leaf and palisade tissues of C.serrulata’Hanagasa’were the thickest,and the thickness ratio of palisade tissues to sponge tissues of C.cerasoides was the largest.【Conclusion】There are significant differences in morphological characteristics and anatomical structure among the 7 species,but there is no significant difference among different cultivars.The morphological characteristics and anatomical structure of leaves can be used as an important indicator for the identification and classification of Cerasus species.