坡柳种子精油对5种植物病原真菌的熏蒸活性及化学成分分析

Fumigant activity and chemical component analysis of essential oil of Dodonaea viscosa seed against 5 pathogenic fungi

【目的】明确坡柳种子精油对5种植物病原真菌的熏蒸活性,并进一步分析其化学成分,以期筛选出可有效防控植物病原微生物的天然产物,为下一步开发为植物源杀菌剂打下基础。【方法】以坡柳种子为材料,采用同时蒸馏萃取法提取坡柳种子精油,并用对扣熏蒸法测试其对立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)、番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)、尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、芒果炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)和番茄早疫病菌(Alternaria solani)的抑制活性;通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析坡柳种子精油化学成分,并测试5种单体化合物对5种供试植物病原真菌的熏蒸抑菌活性。【结果】坡柳种子精油出油率为0.096%。当精油浓度为10μL/L时对立枯丝核菌的活性最好,抑制率为60.50%;精油浓度为50μL/L时对尖孢镰刀菌的活性最好,抑制率为100.00%。从坡柳种子精油中共鉴定出79种化合物,其中1-辛烯-3醇和苯甲醛对供试5种植物病原真菌的熏蒸活性突出;1-辛烯-3-醇熏蒸抑制5种供试植物病原真菌(立枯丝核菌、番茄灰霉病菌、尖孢镰刀菌、芒果炭疽病菌和番茄早疫病菌)的抑制中浓度(IC_(50))分别为4.448、3.686、8.527、9.819、26.007μL/L;苯甲醛熏蒸抑制5种供试植物病原真菌的IC_(50)分别为2.025、12.973、10.164、10.412、22.262μL/L。【结论】坡柳种子精油中化学成分种类丰富,其中1-辛烯-3醇和苯甲醛的活性最好。坡柳种子精油具有开发成为新型植物源杀菌剂的潜力。

【Objective】To determine the fumigant activity of the essential oil of Dodonaea viscosa seeds against5 kinds of plant pathogenic fungi,and to further analyze its chemical composition,in order to screen the natural products that can prevent and control plant pathogenic microorganisms,so as to lay a foundation for the next development of botanical fungicides.【Method】Taking D. viscosa seeds as materials,essential oil of D. viscosa seed was extracted by simultaneous distillation extraction,and the fumigant activities against Rhizoctonia solani,Botrytis cinerea,Fusarium oxysporum,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria solani were tested by buckle fumigation method. Chemical components of D. viscosa seed essential oil were further identified by GC-MS,and the fumigant activities of 5 monomer compounds against 5 plant pathogenic fungi were tested.【Result】Essential oil yield of D. viscosa seed was 0.096%. When the concentration of essential oil was 10 μL / L,the activity of R. solani was the best,and the inhibition rate was 60.50%.When the concentration was 50 μL/L the activity against F. oxysporum was the best,and the inhibition rate was 100.00%.A total of 79 compounds were identified,among which 1-octen-3-ol and benzaldehyde had outstanding fumigant activities against the 5 plant pathogenic fungi. IC_(50) values of 1-octene-3-ol fumigant inhibition against R. solani,B. cinerea,F. oxysporum,M. anthracnose,and A. solani were 4.448,3.686,8.527,9.819 and 26.007 μL/L;the IC_(50) values of benzaldehyde fumigation inhibition against R. solani,B. cinerea,F. oxysporum,M. anthracnose,and A. solani were 2.025,12.973,10.164,10.412 and 22.262 μL/L.【Conclusion】There are many kinds of chemical components in D. viscosa seed essential oil,among which 1-octene-3 alcohol and benzaldehyde have the best activities,indicating that D. viscosa seed essential oil has the potential to be developed as a new type of plant-derived bacteriostatic agent.