边疆开发与建设的“西南模式”--以民国云南植棉业为中心的讨论

“Southwest Mode”of Frontier Development and Construction--A Discussion Centered on Yunnan's Cotton Planting Industry in the Republican Period(1912-1949)of China

近代以来,西南边疆虽资源丰饶,但“既未能积极开发,复无消极保障,致召外人垂涎”。民国时期,西南边疆的开发不仅主要依靠农业、工业等经济结构的转化与经济资源的开发进行边疆社会现代化变革,且表现为此种开发与建设是建立在主权国家观念的基础上的。在国家化整合的前提下,开发边疆与中华民族复兴密不可分,同时交织着中央与地方实力集团的博弈,体现出边疆建设与开发中的“西南模式”。云南植棉业由此成为原料自给、棉纺织业发展的前提和基础,其不仅是中央与地方政府关注的重点,也是在原有经济基础上边疆开发与建设的切入点。

in modern times, China’s southwest frontier areas were "neither actively developed,nor passively protected, so that they were coveted by foreigners" with their rich natural resources. In the Republican period(1912 -1949), efforts were made to restructure the agricultural and industrial sectors and tap natural resources in a way to usher in social changes in the frontiers. Most of these efforts were made by the Republican China as a sovereign state. With the state playing a leading role in integrating resources, frontier development became closely tied to the efforts for national rejuvenation.Meanwhile, the central government had to vie with local power groups for policy-making power, so that a so-called " Southwest Mode" of frontier development came into shape, which in turn made Yunnan’s cotton planting industry a precondition and basis for Yunnan to acquire raw material supply and develop its cotton-based textile industry. Cotton planting thus became not only a point of concern for both the central and local governments, but also a fulcrum for frontier development and construction on the basis of the existing economic foundation.