类型学视角下农村养老模式比较与策略择优

Comparison and Strategy Selection of Rural Endowment Models from the Perspective of Typology

依据农村老年人养老需求,我国已形成以传统居家老人为主体的家庭养老、以返乡农民工老人为主体的互助养老、以低保无保老人为主体的社会养老和以空巢失能老人为主体的机构养老等主要模式。在国家政策指导下,农村养老模式并非以上四种模式的简单运用与组合,而是综合各种养老模式的比较优势与相对劣势,有针对性地依据主体差异、地区差距、观念差别等因素构建多元差异化养老服务模式。在城乡共同富裕背景下妥善解决农村养老问题,应坚持因地制宜、类施策原则,需要强化政府主导作用,优化社会协同机制,增进适老化场景营造,积极创建农村智慧养老服务体系。

In response to the requirements of elderly people living in rural areas, China has developed four primary models of elderly care: family elderly care, which is primarily intended for traditional elderly people who continue to live at home;mutual elderly care, which is primarily intended for elderly people who have relocated back to their hometowns;social elderly care, which is primarily intended for uninsured or underinsured elderly people;and institutional elderly care, which is primarily intended for elderly people who are childless. The model of care provided to elderly people in rural areas of China is not merely an application and combination of the four models described above, as directed by the national policy. Rather, it is a comprehensive consideration of the comparative benefits and drawbacks of each elderly care model, as well as a targeted construction of a diversified and differentiated elderly care service model based on the differences in subjects, regional disparities, differences in concepts, and other factors. In the context of the urban and rural common wealth, we should adhere to the principle of adapting measures to local conditions and implementing policies according to different categories. It is necessary to strengthen the leading role of the government, optimize the social coordination mechanism, enhance the creation of aging-friendly scenes, and actively create a rural intelligent elderly care service system. Only then will it be possible to solve the problem of elderly care in rural areas in an appropriate manner.