马尾松无性系生长和形质性状变异分析和优选

Variation Analysis and Optimization of Growth and Form-quality Traits of Pinus massoniana Clones

为了马尾松无性系用材良种选育和高效培育,以2012年营建于江西抚州的马尾松试验林的63个无性系为研究对象,通过分析马尾松树高、胸径、冠幅和树干通直度等性状的遗传变异规律、所受的遗传控制和性状间的相关性,筛选生长优良的无性系亲本。结果表明:马尾松无性系生长和形质性状存在丰富的遗传差异,各性状变异系数变幅为12.44%~36.36%。树高和胸径最大无性系为最小无性系的3.21和4.40倍,各性状受中等至较强的遗传控制程度;最大分枝角重复力为0.35,受中等的遗传控制;树高、胸径和树干通直度等性状均受较强的遗传控制,变幅为0.69~0.79,有利于无性系的选择。马尾松无性系性状间遗传相关系数总体小于表型相关系数,性状遗传和表型相关显著性具有相似性,高径生长量较大的马尾松无性系树干通直度较高。初选出19个(72、76、60、61、69和70号等)生长量高、稳定性强的马尾松无性系,入选的无性系树高和胸径分别比总体均值高1.04 m和2.39 cm。马尾松无性系生长和形质性状均存在丰富的遗传变异,各性状遗传稳定性较高,受中等至较强的遗传控制,有较好的遗传改良潜力。

In order to select and cultivate good varieties of Pinus massoniana clones,taking 63 clones of the P.massoniana test plantation in Fuzhou,Jiangxi Province in 2012,the genetic variation of the traits such as tree height,DBH,crown width and stem straightness,as well as the genetic control and the inter-traits of the clones were analyzed.The relevance of,a batch of clone parents with excellent growth was screened out.There are rich genetic differences in the growth and form-quality traits of P.massoniana clones,and the variation coefficient of each trait ranges in 12.44%-36.36%.Among them,the largest clones of tree height and DBH are 3.21 and 4.40 times of the smallest clones.Each trait is controlled by medium to strong genetic control.The maximum branch angle repeatability is 0.35,which is controlled by medium genetics.Tree height and DBH Traits such as tree stem straightness and other traits are all under strong genetic control,with a range of 0.69-0.79,which is conducive to the selection of clones.In general,the genetic correlation coefficients between traits of P.massoniana clones were smaller than the phenotypic correlation coefficients,and the heritability of traits and phenotypic correlation were significantly similar.The higher tree height and crown width had higher stem straightness.The 19 clones(No.72,76,60,61,69 and 70,etc.)with fast growth and outstanding stability were selected.The tree height and DBH of selected clones were 1.04 m and 2.39 cm larger than the grand mean of samples,respectively.P.massoniana clones were rich in genetic variation in growth and form-quality traits.Each trait had a high genetic stability and was controlled by moderate to strong genetics,and had a good potential for genetic improvement.The clones with outstanding growth had better stem straightness.