古树健康诊断的复壮措施及效果评价指标

Rejuvenation Measures and Effect Evaluation Indexes of Ancient Tree Health Diagnosis

以第二次全国古树名木普查工作成果为基础,以山东省古树名木抢救复壮试点工作为平台,在全省筛选了10株长势衰弱或濒危的一级古树作为试点样树。从形态特征、土壤质量、枝叶生长量等方面对古树进行了健康诊断。结果表明:10株古树形态特征均出现不同的衰弱情况,其中主干中空、患病虫害、有竞争木的情况居多;土壤有效磷和速效钾的质量分数均达标,6处古树生长点土壤缺乏碱解氮,有机质质量分数达标的仅2处;土壤整体偏碱性,其中8株古树所处土壤pH值对植物生长产生明显抑制作用;古树土壤紧实度普遍较高;古树同一分枝生长量与平均新梢生长量的表现趋势基本一致,银杏生长最快,其次为国槐,青檀和侧柏生长较慢。因此,根据调查结果,逐株确定了复壮措施,并从土壤质量、根系状况、枝叶生长状况、结实情况以及图像资料等方面确定了复壮操作方法和效果评价指标,为古树的复壮及效果评价提供了基础参考。

From the results of the second national census of ancient and famous trees, and the platform of rescue and rejuvenation of ancient and famous trees in Shandong Province, ten first-class ancient trees with weak or endangered growth were selected as pilot trees. The ancient trees were diagnosed from three aspects of morphological characteristics, soil quality and branch and leaf growth. The results showed that the morphological characteristics of 10 ancient trees showed different weakness, the trunk hollow, pests and diseases, competitive wood were the most common. The contents of available phosphorus and available potassium were up to the standard. The soil of 6 ancient tree growing sites lacked alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and the content of organic matter only reached the standard in two sites. The whole soil was alkaline, and the soil pH value of eight ancient trees had a significant inhibitory effect on plant growth. Soil compaction is generally high. The performance trend of the same branch growth and average shoot growth of ancient trees was basically the same. Ginkgo biloba grew fastest, followed by Sophora japonica, Pteroceltis tatarinowii and Platycladus orientalis. According to the investigation results, the rejuvenation measures were determined one by one, and the rejuvenation operation methods and effect evaluation indexes were determined from the aspects of soil quality, root condition, branch and leaf growth condition, seed setting condition and image data which would provide a basic reference for the rejuvenation and effect evaluation of ancient trees.