侧金盏花花芽分化的形态观察及生理生化变化

Flower Bud Morphological Differentiation and Physiological Biochemistry of Adonis amurensis

采用石蜡切片和扫描电镜观察侧金盏花花芽分化的形态发育过程,同时测定不同分化时期淀粉、可溶性总糖、可溶性蛋白质量分数及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,揭示侧金盏花花芽分化进程、形态特征及生理生化变化规律。结果表明:侧金盏花在地上部分枯萎死亡后地下芽不进行夏眠,而是直接进行花芽分化,分化历经2个月左右,于7月中旬分化结束,形态分化进程可分为未分化期、分化始期、萼片分化期、花瓣分化期、雄蕊分化期、雌蕊分化期6个时期。在花芽分化过程中,侧金盏花根中淀粉和可溶性总糖质量分数在未分化期含量最高,花芽分化开始后,质量分数逐渐降低;而芽中淀粉和可溶性总糖质量分数,在花芽分化始期积累达到峰值后逐渐下降。侧金盏花根和芽中可溶性蛋白质量分数总体呈先升高后降低趋势,在花瓣分化期达到最大值。花芽分化期间芽中抗氧化酶活性均明显高于根中,芽中SOD、POD活性在萼片分化期达到峰值后逐渐下降,CAT活性在雄蕊分化期达到峰值。说明芽中高质量分数的可溶性糖、蛋白以及高活性的CAT、POD、SOD可促进花芽分化。

In order to explore the morphological development and physiological and biochemical mechanism during flower bud differentiation of Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde, we observed the morphological characteristics of flower buds by paraffin section and scanning electron microscope, and measured the contents of starch, soluble sugar and soluble protein and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) at different differentiation stages. After the aboveground part of A. amurensis withered, the underground bud did not dormancy, but directly differentiated the flower bud. The flower bud differentiation lasted about two months and ended in mid-July. The morphological differentiation process could be divided into six stages: undifferentiated stage, initial differentiation stage, sepal differentiation stage, petal differentiation stage, stamen differentiation stage and pistil differentiation stage. During the flower bud morphological differentiation of A. amurensis, the contents of starch and total soluble sugar in root was the maximum at the undifferentiated stage, and gradually decreased after the flower bud differentiation began, while the contents of starch and total soluble sugar in underground buds accumulated to the peak at the initial differentiation stage and then decreased gradually. The soluble protein content in roots and buds increased first and then decreased, and reached the maximum at the petal differentiation stage. The activities of antioxidant enzymes in buds were significantly higher than those in roots during flower bud differentiation. The activities of SOD and POD in buds decreased gradually after reaching the peak during sepal differentiation, and the activity of CAT reached the peak during stamen differentiation. It showed that high level of soluble sugar, protein, SOD, POD and CAT in buds are helpful to flower bud differentiation.