6个柳杉品种雄球花及其花粉形态特征对比

Comparison of the morphological characteristics of male cones and pollen of six Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis varieties

【目的】明确6个不同柳杉品种间雄球花及其花粉形态特征的差异,筛选出具有育种优势的优良品种,为柳杉授粉品种的选育与利用提供理论依据。【方法】以6个柳杉品种的雄球花及其花粉为试验材料,在体视显微镜下观测单小枝雄球花及单个雄球花形态特征。使用显微镜观察并统计花粉数量,在扫描电子显微镜下观察小孢子叶及花粉形态,随机选取10个花粉并测量花粉的形态指标。【结果】6个柳杉品种的雄球花均着生于小枝上部或顶端,形状均为椭圆球体状;雄球花的花粉囊纵裂;花粉形状均为球形或近球形,极面观及赤道面观均为圆形,表面有两种不同直径的带小刺颗粒状纹饰,属小型花粉。6个柳杉品种间雄球花的纵径、横径、单球质量、雄球花数量存在显著性差异。6个柳杉品种间雄球花花粉的花粉量、极轴长等存在显著性差异,但极赤比差异不显著,说明6个品种柳杉花粉大小存在显著性差异,形状无显著性差异。6个柳杉品种雄球花的着生位置有利于花粉的散发与传播。6个品种柳杉之间雄球花的形态特征存在显著性差异。【结论】各品种柳杉花粉在属的水平上表现出一致性。就花粉的质量、数量以及形态特征而言,‘林场007’品种相较于其他5个品种更具有授粉优势,可考虑将其作为柳杉授粉良种,应用于柳杉育种工作。

【Objective】The purpose of the study was to clarify the differences in morphological characteristics of male cones and pollen among six varieties of Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis and screen out excellent varieties with breeding advantages, so as to provide a significant theoretical basis for the breeding and utilization of pollinated C. japonica var. sinensis.【Method】Taking the male cones and pollen of six varieties of C. japonica var. sinensis as the experimental materials, the morphological characteristics of single-branchlet male cones and single male cones were observed under a stereomicroscope, and the number of pollen was observed and counted under the microscope. The morphology of microspore leaves and pollen were observed under the scanning electron microscope, and 10 pollen were randomly selected to determine the morphological indexes of pollen.【Result】The microscopic observation results showed that the male cones of the six C. japonica var. sinensis were generated from the upper or top part of branchlets, and the shape was ellipsoid.The pollen shape of male cones was spherical or nearly spherical, the pollen sac was longitudinally split, and the pollen was round in polar and equatorial view. The pollen was small, and there were two kinds of granular patterns with spikes in different diameters on the pollen surface. There were significant differences in the longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, single ball weight and the number of male cones among the six varieties. There were significant differences in pollen quantity and polar axis length of male cones among the six varieties, while there was no significant difference in the polar ratios, indicating that there were significant differences in the pollen size, but no significant difference in the shape of 6 varieties. The position of male cones of the six C. japonica var. sinensis was conducive to the dissemination of pollen. There were significant differences in the morphological characteristics of male cones among the six varieties of C. japonica var. sinensis.【Conclusion】The pollen of all varieties of C. japonica var. sinensis show consistency at the genus level. In terms of the quality, quantity and morphological characteristics of pollen, ’Linchang 007’ has more pollination advantages than the other five varieties, which can be considered an excellent pollination variety for C. japonica var. sinensis breeding.