滇中“一颗印”传统民居的源流追溯

Tracing the Origin and Evolution of the‘Yikeyin’House in Central Yunnan

广泛分布于云南省滇中地区典型的“一颗印”民居,被称为中国五大传统民居类型之一。近年来,这种使用最普遍、适应性最强的传统民居在时代的变迁中逐渐消失。文章借鉴已有研究成果并结合实地调研,重新对这一被众多民族居住的“一颗印”传统民居进行更加系统全面的梳理分析,着重从建筑平面组合、空间特征、构架应用、文化表征等方面探讨“一颗印”传统民居的典型特征,并力求通过追溯其历史演变,进一步挖掘“一颗印”传统民居形成与发展的轨迹,厘清其在不同发展阶段的空间变化及成因,以更加完整地展现这一传统民居所具有的鲜明地域性、广泛适应性、灵活变通性以及独特的建构技艺。

The‘Yikeyin’(lit.‘a square stamper’)courtyard house,prevalent in Central Yunnan Province,is one of the five primary traditional Chinese house types.This adaptive dwelling form was widely used by many ethnic groups,but has gradually declined in recent years.Based on the existing literature and fieldwork,this article investigates the characteristics of the Yikeyin house in terms of plan composition,spatial features,timber framework,and cultural representation.It then analyses the factors that influenced the different stages of the Yikeyin house’s evolution.Thus,the article provides a more comprehensive understanding of the regional features,adaptability,flexibility,and distinctive tectonics of this traditional dwelling type.