摩梭人祖母屋的建筑多样性及演化机制辨析

Diversity and Evolvement Mechanism of the Mosuo‘Grandmother’s House’

聚居于川滇交界地区的摩梭人以其保留着母系社会的特征而广为人知,摩梭人的传统民居建筑——祖母屋,则常被作为其母系社会重要的物质体现之一。因此,祖母屋常常被当成静态的文化标签,其作为活态传统的发展演化被相对忽视。文章基于文献与实地调查,从建造技术、空间组织和精神象征三个层面,考察了摩梭人祖母屋建筑形式的多样性,呈现出这一建筑类型丰富的活态演变,同时从材料资源的变化、建造技术的传播、生产生活的发展及精神信仰的变迁等方面解释了祖母屋的演化机制。

Mosuo people,who inhabit the border region between Sichuan and Yunnan provinces in southwestern China,are renowned for their matrilineal society.The‘Grandmother’s House’(ʑi^(33)mi^(33)),a traditional Mosuo dwelling structure,is a physical manifestation of their matrilineal society.Most existing literature regards the Grandmother’s House as a static cultural symbol,while its evolution as a living tradition has been largely ignored.Based on literature and field research,this article investigates the architectural form of the Grandmother’s House and demonstrates its historical development in terms of building technology,spatial organisation,and spiritual symbolism.It further explains the evolvement mechanism of the Grandmother’s House by discussing the available materials,the spread of construction technology,the modes of production,and the religious ideas.