自觉意识下乡村振兴的维度——一种理解农民生活基础的文化转型人类学

Dimensions of Rural Vitalization Under Self-consciousness——An Anthropology of Cultural Transformation to Understand the Roots of Peasant Life

在文化转型背景下,乡村存在有其自身的复杂性与简单性,所谓乡村问题是旧问题和新问题的相互叠加,由此带来乡村社会结构的转变,同时而引发自觉意识下的文化转变。乡村以两个面向而存在:其一是以土地作为根基的乡村,其二是作为文化而存在的乡村,两者交互作用,彼此依赖。乡村不是一种孤立性的存在,而是处在了城乡之间,乡村和城市之间在文化与社会功能上都有着一种彼此勾连的一体性。因此,我们便要注意到在文化约束下乡村形貌的根基性差异。在中国乡村的根底里有一种受到土地所束缚的乡土性存在,而西方世界则一直试图从土地之中脱离出来,转而成为受到十字架所束缚的那种共同体的存在。我们因此也需要注意到在转型的语境之下,中国乡村的独特性存在如何转而成为了现代知识得以创造的试验场。

Under the background of cultural transformation,the rural life in China exists with its own complexity and simplicity.The overlapping of its chronicles questions and fresh ones brings about its current questions,leading to changes of rural social structure and futher cultural changes under self-consciousness.Rural life can be summerized in two aspects:on one hand,it has land as its root,and on the other it also exists as culture.These two states interact with and depend on each other.Village is not only an isolated existence.Rather,it is midway between rural and urban life.There is a connected unity of cultural and social functions between villages and cities.Therefore,it is necessary for us to note the fundamental differences of configuration of rural life under the culture restrictions.At the root of the Chinese rural life,there is a vernacular existence bound to the land,whereas the Western world has been trying to break away from the land and become a communal existence bound to the Christian cross.In this light,we also need to be aware of how,in the context of transformation,the distinctive existence of the Chinese rural life has turned into a testing ground for the creation of modern knowledge.